少年维特的烦恼

《少年维特的烦恼》是第一部让歌德在德国几乎一夜成名的小说。本书1774年秋天在莱比锡书籍展览会上面世,并在那里成了杨销书。由此而来的成功给歌德的一生带来了名誉和财富。歌德(1749—1832)是德国近代杰出的诗人、作家和思想家。世人公认他是继但丁和莎士比亚之后西     

Caution using data from triaxial accelerometers housed in player tracking units during running

Usage of accelerometers within player tracking devices in sport to quantify load, vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) or energy expenditure is contrary to placement guidelines. This study aimed to determine whether trunk-mounted accelerometers were a valid and reliable method to estimate thoracic segment or centre of gravity (COG) acceleration or vGRF, and the whether the elasticised harness contributes to the overestimation of acceleration. Ten male amateur rugby players performed five linear running tasks per lower limb at three speeds, twice, each with a different player tracking unit. Three-dimensional data were recorded and triaxial accelerometers were attached lateral to the device on the harness and skin and both shanks. Accelerometers demonstrated poor reliability (ICC:0.0–0.67), high variability (CV%:14–33%) and change in mean (41–160%), and were not valid to estimate vertical acceleration of the COG and thoracic segment nor vGRF. Caution is advised when utilising trunk-mounted triaxial accelerometer data as it is not a valid or reliable means to estimate peak vertical acceleration for its thoracic location nor whole-body COG acceleration or vGRF during running. To improve player tracking instrument validity and reliability, a new attachment method and/or harness material(s), that reduce or eliminate extraneous acceleration during running, are urgently required.     

Identifying the causal mechanisms of the quiet eye

Abstract

Scientists who have examined the gaze strategies employed by athletes have determined that longer quiet eye (QE) durations (QED) are characteristic of skilled compared to less-skilled performers. However, the cognitive mechanisms of the QE and, specifically, how the QED affects performance are not yet fully understood. We review research that has examined the functional mechanism underlying QE and discuss the neural networks that may be involved. We also highlight the limitations surrounding QE measurement and its definition and propose future research directions to address these shortcomings. Investigations into the behavioural and neural mechanisms of QE will aid the understanding of the perceptual and cognitive processes underlying expert performance and the factors that change as expertise develops.     

日落当前,工作靠边

我认为下午五点就该放下工作了。在一个严格奉行新教工作道德的国家,这种信念可算是太激进。每周只工作四十小时?我已经看不到有多少人还会在五点钟就打卡下班了。这种事情看起来完全是古旧怪异,与过时的怀表和鞋油无异。我的父亲曾试图教育我勤奋工作、多花时间以及献身事业的重要性。但后来,他却在无意中教会我一些道理,例如在他最后一次下班回家爬上楼梯的时候。     

Developing Student Character: Community College Professors Who Share Power

This phenomenological study examined the definitions, values, and experiences of seven community college professors who have tried to promote student character development by sharing some of their power in the classroom. Power sharing is a participative gesture, and participative teachers can encourage students to become more engaged in their own learning processes. This participative style of teaching may develop into a partnership between students and teachers. This requires students to make decisions, be responsible for their learning, and work collaboratively with others. Through the practice and habit of making decisions, students may be able to promote their own character development. To facilitate this development, these faculty members focused on awareness, care, student engagement, group dynamics, academic integrity, a welcoming environment, and a sharing attitude. The essential theme of developing character emerged from my reflections of the data gathered from the face-to-face interviews. Five structural themes included diversity, self-identity, commitment, sacrifice, and becoming.     

The teaching and learning of pupils in low-attainment sets

This study explored the ways in which schools addressed the needs of pupils in low-attainment class groups, or sets, in the context of multiple and contrary government policy directives and inconclusive research findings about setting. In this article we have focused on school and classroom practices as well as the organisational processes through which low-attaining pupils were identified, grouped and reviewed within schools. The empirical data reported here predominantly refer to case studies involving classroom observations and interviews with teachers, pupils and other staff in 13 schools – both primary and secondary – from four local authorities (LAs).

In the latter part of the article, however, we also draw on survey data collected from a larger sample of schools in 12 LAs in England. Although the study found ample evidence of innovative school practices and efforts by individual teachers aimed at optimising the learning opportunities for children in low-attainment class groups, the findings also raise important questions about some of the processes of set allocation, the lack of mobility between sets, and the over-representation of particular social groups in low-attainment classes. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for equity and inclusion that moves beyond an emphasis on classroom practice to include questions about the in-school processes of social selection and educational mobility for pupils identified as low-attaining.     

远亲不如近邻

关于邻居的概念,于我而言,更多的是有关童年和少年时的回忆。或许很多人有着与我相似的人生轨迹:童年和少年时期享受着亲密、欢乐的邻里生活;求学时期的后半段离开故土,"邻居"的身份是与"室友"合二为一的;工作后,作为一个"异乡人","邻居"两个字显得最为淡薄,它代表着不同居所里一扇扇紧锁的门,没有感情色彩,拒人于千里。如今,在这个城市安了家,左邻右里,一边是新搬来的租户,一边是一户偶尔住上两三天的人家,还有一户因为刚刚换了"学位房"而搬走了,当然,楼道里更多的是几年来连头也没点过的陌生人。很多时候,走出电梯,看到那一扇比一扇扎实的大铁门,我心中总会泛起一种焦虑,仿佛自己依然是这个城市里多余的"入侵者"。人们总说,儿时的记忆是最深刻的,感受亦然。或许终有一天,我们还能找回一个地方,大家都敞开着大门,等待邻居们一一探索……