近代中国留学史研究的回顾与反思

近代中国留学史研究发端于二十世纪初的教育史研究,且较早得到国外学者的关注。自上世纪九十年代,相关学术成果不断涌现。目前,理论视角、研究方法以及史料运用等方面存在的问题成为制约留学史研究进一步发展的瓶颈。     

Three “centuries”: the context and development of rural construction in China

If the shoe doesn’t fit, it is a mistake to change the foot, but in essence this is what occurred in 20th-century China, in the context of rural construction. Motivated by self-preservation, nationalist forces in China resisted the hasty, indiscriminate and harmful importation (indeed, imposition) of western influences, but these external influences ultimately predominated over traditional domestic practices. Radical ideologies evolved, destroying traditional construction methods while promoting ill-conceived, but ostensibly “modern” counterparts, or chaotic syntheses of old and new. Rural economies were devastated, to the despair of peasants. The internal response to external stimulus had become far more damaging, the cure its own fatal disease. Amid ongoing efforts at reconstruction, local committees were formed that varied in efficiency, and successive waves of rural construction featured a wide array of approaches, far more than merely “top down” or “bottom up (grassroots).” And yet, while conditions have improved, the symptoms of radical response persist. The proper cure should be context-dependent reform.     

口语测试量表设计方法的审视与思考

从介绍的角度审视现成口语测试量表设计的主要种类和特点;对比量表设计的优劣;探讨合适的设计方法和可行性。     

Impacts of social economic status on higher education opportunity and graduate employment in China

Based on a nation-wide survey of higher education graduates, this paper analyzes the impact of family background, using paternal occupation and education as indicators, on their scores in the National College Entrance Examination, the level and type of higher education institutions they attend, their employment after graduation, and the income they receive from their first job. It has been found that there are wide disparities among students with different family backgrounds in both access to higher education and their potential employment in China nowadays. This paper also studies how those influences happen. __________ Translated from Peking University Education Review, 2005 July (3)     

学费:谁之痛?

学费是近年来全国之痛。即使是中央政府的领导人,也时时牵挂着学费问题,为还没能够把人民最关心的上学等问题解决得最好而最感痛心。如果人们能够客观公正地看待国家为缓解民众的学费压力所进行的努力,那么就可以真切地看到:从总体上看,在社会各方面都需要国家增加财政拨款的背景下,至今国家不仅承担了义务教育公办学校的绝大部分教育经费,还承担了各级教育公办学校的大部分经费。2004年全国预算内教育拨款在国家财政总支出中所占份额已超过1/7,在国家各项财政支出中位居第四。国家在高等学校建立并实施了以国家助学贷款为主体的多元化资助…     

Architecture Singularity Analysis of 4-U■S/U■U 5-DOF Parallel Mechanism

Architecture singularity of a parallel mechanism with five degrees of freedom (DOF) is analyzed. Such mechanism consists of a movable platform connected to the base by five active limbs. Four of them are identical 6-DOF limbs and the last one has the same DOF as the specified DOF of the movable platform. Based on the kinematics analysis, two categories of architecture singularities for such mechanism are proposed. Then the sufficient condition for each singularity is researched. Results show that the mechanism is singular when it employs each category of the proposed architecture, provided that it satisfies the corresponding sufficient condition. It can be concluded that the proposed two categories of architecture singularities should be avoided with the following dimensional synthesis of such mechanism.     

合作教育思潮与当代教学实践

合作教育学以研究与利用课堂教学的人际关系为基点，以目标设计为先导，以师生、先生和师师合作为基本动力，是一种具有创意和实效的教学理论。     

如何在物理探究教学中培养学生的问题意识

问题意识既是探究教学所必需的，同时又可以在探究教学中进行培养，本文从心理认知规律和教学过程规律两个方面，探讨在物理探究教学中培养学生问题意识的一些方法．     

开公交车，做志愿者孔胜东：开公交车，做志愿者

在杭州,有一个人远近闻名,他就是曾获全国劳动模范、浙江道德模范、“最美浙江人”、“浙江骄傲人物”等荣誉的杭州公交28路3-4808号车司机孔胜东。2015年10月,他又荣获了第五届全国道德模范称号。     

初中化学解题推理思维的案例分析

在初中化学教学阶段,由于受年龄和身心发展的影响,学生思维的运作形式主要是具体形象的推理思维,包括演绎推理和归纳推理,本文结合具体的案例,从定性推理思维和定量推理思维两个方面加以分析。1 定性推理思维及其案例分析定性推理是确定研究对象具有某种属性的推理