大数据治理改革的制度逻辑:基于"项目—技术"互动的视角

在中国,大数据治理改革是大数据技术的技术属性和行政体制的行政属性共同作用的结果.通过"项目—技术"互动的视角,可以发现,大数据治理改革是一个以项目制为中心的制度变迁过程.项目制在对行政组织进行改造的基础上约束了大数据技术的技术属性,从而使大数据技术由外在压力转化为内在资源.与此同时,针对项目制运转中的非预期结果,大数据治理改革通过激励机制、容错机制与试点机制进行机制调适,缓解了大数据技术对于行政体制构成的挑战.这一研究结果有助于进一步解释中国行政体制的制度再生产能力与"稳定之谜".     

虚拟结构的语用分析

虚拟语气在英语学习中是一项比较难掌握的语法形式 ,因为它主要是以动词形式的变化来表达句义的。通过虚拟语气的用法 ,把语义逻辑及结构特点等语法问题与语用结合。通过语用分析 ,了解语言环境是制约虚拟语气在应用中的一个因素 ,提出虚拟结构的语用功能     

Spatio-temporal analysis of tamoxifen-induced bystander effects in breast cancer cells using microfluidics

The bystander effect in cancer therapy is the inhibition or killing of tumor cells that are adjacent to those directly affected by the agent used for treatment. In the case of chemotherapy, little is known as to how much and by which mechanisms bystander effects contribute to the elimination of tumor cells. This is mainly due to the difficulty to distinguish between targeted and bystander cells since both are exposed to the pharmaceutical compound. We here studied the interaction of tamoxifen-treated human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with their neighboring counterparts by exploiting laminar flow patterning in a microfluidic chip to ensure selective drug delivery. The spatio-temporal evolution of the bystander response in non-targeted cells was analyzed by measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential under conditions of free diffusion. Our data show that the bystander response is detectable as early as 1 hour after drug treatment and reached effective distances of at least 2.8 mm. Furthermore, the bystander effect was merely dependent on diffusible factors rather than cell contact-dependent signaling. Taken together, our study illustrates that this microfluidic approach is a promising tool for screening and optimization of putative chemotherapeutic drugs to maximize the bystander response in cancer therapy.     

Distributed cooperative controller design considering guidance loop and impact angle

This paper presents an integrated distributed cooperative guidance and control scheme for multiple missiles to attack a single target simultaneously at desired impact angles. The scheme is divided into two parts: individual part and cooperative part. For the individual part, partial integrated guidance and control method is adopted to generate the elevator deflection (which is a realistic control input) to ensure that the missiles fly along their respective desired line of sight and hit the target; this is in contrast to previous works which analyze only the engagement dynamics and use missile accelerations as the control input, however, the proposed controller also considers the missile dynamics, thus enabling the implementation of an autopilot. For the cooperative part, using only information from adjacent missiles, the proposed distributed cooperative controller can make all missiles hit the target simultaneously. Hence in this scheme, each missile can hit the target at desired angles and at the same time, thus achieving salvo attack. Simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the scheme.     

“科技立法工程”在构建科技创新法律体系中的作用

科技立法工程是一种可尝试的进行科技立法的新视角.在构建科技创新法律体系的工作中,不断寻求和论证这种新方法是必要的.对科技立法工程的基本理论进行解读,以找出科技立法工程的应用方法:从抽象推演和案例分析两种角度上探索其在整个科技创新法律体系构建过程中的特殊地位和意义,以便得出在构建科技创新法律体系中引入"科技立法工程"十分必要这一重要结论.     

基于层次分析法的和谐校园评价指标权重确定

确立包括科学的指标权重在内的评价指标体系,是和谐校园评价顺利完成和提高评价结果信度和效度的关键。层次分析法(AHP)为准确确定和谐校园评价指标间权重提供了可行的途径。要准确评价校园的和谐度,指标权重是关键因素,确定评估指标权重时,应重点考虑指标彼此间重要性的量化。     

浅谈高校教师的教学实践指导能力提升策略——以小学教育专业为例

调查发现,高校教师的教学实践指导能力存在不足。该文从专业背景、专业发展、工作环境等方面分析高校教师教学实践指导能力不足的原因,从学校层面和教师个人层面提出提升高校教师教学实践指导能力的策略。     

Gorenstein内射维数性质的推广

推广了Gorestein内射维数的一些性质,证明了任何具有有限内射维数的模M都有内射预包．     

“校长实名推荐制”政策的合理性研究

北京大学从2009年7月确定实行"校长实名推荐制"选拔具有特长的高中毕业生,反对之声不断.对"校长实名推荐制"进行政策合理性分析是回应和验证社会公众质疑的途径之一,也是说明它的可认同性和可接受性的依据之一.文章从两个方面分析北京大学"校长实名推荐制"政策的合理性:第一,政策的价值取向是否以最大限度增强社会公众的福祉为目的,是否符合社会发展的客观要求.第二,政策是否体现公平、正义的社会普遍价值追求.     

Transgenic barley with overexpressed PTrx increases aluminum resistance in roots during germination

A transgenic barley line (LSY-11-1-1) with overexpressed Phalaris coerulescens thioredoxin gene (PTrx) was employed to measure the growth, protein oxidation, cell viability, and antioxidase activity in barley roots during germination on the presence of 2 mmol/L AlCl₃ on filter paper. The results show that (1) compared with the non-transgenic barley, LSY-11-1-1 had enhanced root growth, although both were seriously inhibited after AlCl₃ treatment; (2) the degree of protein oxidation and loss of cell viability in roots of LSY-11-1-1 were much less than those in roots of non-transgenic barley, as reflected by lower contents of protein carbonyl and Evans blue uptakes in LSY-11-1-1; (3) activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in LSY-11-1-1 root tips were generally higher than those in non-transgenic barley root tips, although these antioxidase activities gave a rise to different degrees in both LSY-11-1-1 and non-transgenic barley under aluminum stress. These results indicate that overexpressing PTrx could efficiently protect barley roots from oxidative injury by increasing antioxidase activity, thereby quenching ROS caused by AlCl₃ during germination. These properties raise the possibility that transgenic barley with overexpressed PTrx may be used to reduce the aluminum toxicity in acid soils.