Steps counts among middle school students vary with aerobic fitness level

The purpose of this study was to examine if steps/day taken by middle school students varied based on aerobic fitness classification. Middle school students (N = 223; 112 girls, 111 boys) were assigned to three aerobic fitness categories (HIGH, MOD, LOW) based on results of the FlTNESSGRAM PACER test. Four weekdays of pedometer monitoring determined activity levels (steps/day). Boys accumulated significantly more steps/day than girls, 11,589 +/- 3,270 and 10,232 +/- 2,517 steps/day, respectively; F(1,219) = 16.0, p < .001, eta2 = .055. There were no differences in steps/day between grades. HIGH fit participants accumulated significantly more steps/day, F(2, 217) = 12.2, p < .101, eta2 = .101, than moderately fit and low fit participants (approximately 1,491 and ; 2,867 steps/day, respectively). Middle school students who participated in sports in addition to physical education (PE) accumulated significantly more steps/day (approximately 980 steps/day) than those participating in PE only, F(1, 219) = 10.0, p < .01, eta2 = .044. Although the relationship between physical activity and aerobic fitness was moderate (0.35; p < .01), these data demonstrated significant differences in accumulated steps/day among youth of varying aerobic fitness levels. Whether improved fitness levels were the result of additional activity or the cause of it remains to be determined. Regardless, the fittest middle school students were also the most active and accumulated a significant amount of steps/day through organized extracurricular physical activities.     

教学:从预设走向生成

传统课堂教学由于受现成性思维方式支配,过于追求预设性而变成一种线性的僵化的流程,学生的学习主体性遭遇漠视,教师的创造性受到限制。问题的解决在于现成性思维方式到生成性思维方式转向。生成性思维方式观照教学的必然产物是生成性教学。注重过程的复杂性,关注师生互动、重视利用互动中生成的新的资源,为师生自主性、创造性的发挥提供了新的空间。其实践策略为:充分预设,有效互动,教育机智。     

CERN document server: Document management system for grey literature in a networked environment

Conclusion In this paper we briefly described the current status of research in the field of digital libraries interoperability, mainly with respect to federated data processing such as permitted within the Open Archive Initiative framework. We then presented the CERN Document Server Software suite that is a free software package main-tained by CERN providing an online digital library solution for mid- to large-sized document repositories. The set of CDSware modules was described and the differ-ences with other existing tools briefly mentioned. Finally we have mentioned a typical usage statistics illustrating the scope of grey literature and networked con-ditions of the CERN Document Server. We pointed out that the current trend in grey literature management goes toward institutional repositories build upon the distributed and federated model. Further research is going on within the CDS collaboration in this area, focused particularly on (i) semantic interoperability using ontologies in distributed and federated data processing and (ii) ranking technologies when searching grey literature in OAI compliant repositories.     

图书馆集群——实现区域资源共享和互利互惠的组织形式

集群是呈现区域集聚发展的态势,它对区域性图书馆共建共享具有重要意义。通过对图书馆集群的理论基础、概念分析、实践借鉴、结构模式、目标趋势等方面的研究分析,认为图书馆集群将成为区域性图书馆建设和发展的最终表现形式。并进一步阐述了图书馆集群研究的学术价值和图书馆集群应用的现实意义。     

船舶运动数据在字符与数值混合通信中的简易压缩方法

通过对船舶运动数据的分析,提出了在具体应用条件下一种船舶运动数据的简易压缩方法。     

试析毛泽东的教学思想

教育是立国之本，强国之路，面对当代科技革命的挑战，党和国家了适时的回应，和出全面推进素质教育的决定。在如何实施素质教育工作中，毛泽东同志关于“教学民主”、“知行统一”、“少而精”、“启发式”等一系列教学思想给我们提供了一定的思路和启迪。     

大学生体质健康标准信息管理系统的设计与实现

针对《学生体质健康标准》,结合实际工作的需要,运用软件工程自顶向下的开发方法对系统进行分析与设计,利用面向对象的开发工具Visual Basic 6.0和数据库开发工具Visual Foxpro 7.0实现该信息管理系统.