关于中小学德育课程的思考

本文主要就新课程实施背景下的德育课程实践过程中存在的课程地位不高、内容模糊、形式单一以及评价缺乏信度与效度等问题进行了论述,并提出了构建合理的知识体系、采用多种课程形式以及改革课程的评价模式等相应的解决策略。     

Rose without prickle: genomic insights linked to moisture adaptation

Prickles act against herbivores, pathogens or mechanical injury, while also preventing water loss. However, whether prickles have new function and the molecular genetics of prickle patterning remain poorly explored. Here, we generated a high-quality reference genome assembly for ‘Basye''s Thornless’ (BT), a prickle-free cultivar of Rosa wichuraiana, to identify genetic elements related to stem prickle development. The BT genome harbors a high level of sequence diversity in itself and with cultivar ‘Old Blush’ (R. chinensis), a founder genotype in rose domestication. Inheritance of stem prickle density was determined and two QTL were identified. Differentially expressed genes in QTL were involved in water-related functions, suggesting that prickle density may hitchhike with adaptations to moist environments. While the prickle-related gene-regulatory-network (GRN) was highly conserved, the expression variation of key candidate genes was associated with prickle density. Our study provides fundamental resources and insights for genome evolution in the Rosaceae. Ongoing efforts on identification of the molecular bases for key rose traits may lead to improvements for horticultural markets.     

Interpretations of graphs by university biology students and practicing scientists: Toward a social practice view of scientific representation practices

Using graphs is a key social practice of professional science. As part of a research program that investigates the development of graphing practices from elementary school to professional science activities, this study was designed to investigate similarities and differences in graph‐related interpretations between scientists and college students engaged in collective graph interpretation. Forty‐five students in a second‐year university ecology course and four scientists participated in the study. Guided by domain‐ specific concerns, scientists' graph‐related activities were characterized by a large number of experience‐based, domain‐specific interpretive resources and practices. Students' group based activities were characterized by the lack of linguistic distinctions (between scientific terms) which led to ambiguities in group negotiations; there was also a lack of knowledge about specific organism populations which helped field ecologists construct meaning. Many students learned to provide correct answers to specific graphing questions but did not come to make linguistic distinctions or increase their knowledge of specific populations. In the absence of concerns other than to do well in the course, students did not appear to develop any general interpretive skills for graphs, but learned instead to apply the professor's interpretation. This is problematic because, as we have demonstrated, there are widely differing viable interpretations of the graph. Suggestions for changes in learning environments for graphing that should alleviate this problem are made. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 1020–1043, 1999     

中美高校图书馆运行机制比较研究

以中国浙江大学图书馆与美国康乃尔大学图书馆为例 ,从自动化办馆规模、服务宗旨、流通方针、发展方向等方面进行比较 ,得出对我国高校图书馆运行机制有参考意义的启示。参考文献 4。     

国内外博物馆课程研究的现状、特征与启示

作为博物馆教育活动实施的重要载体,博物馆课程是影响博物馆教育活动质量的关键要素。基于文献梳理,发现国内博物馆课程研究集中于课程特点及实施意义、课程实施的现实问题、开发模式与优化路径等方面;国外博物馆课程研究主要集中于博物馆教育、课程开发与实施、馆校合作开发等领域。国内外关于博物馆课程的研究成果虽然在内容、方法和结论上具有共性特质,但是在研究阶段、主题聚焦程度、分析范式等方面也存在一定差异。此外,国内外博物馆课程研究呈现出研究视角多元化、研究主旨逐渐回归到“以人为本”、研究内容更加注重探索博物馆课程体系构建的发展趋势。鉴于此,建议未来博物馆课程研究要细化研究内容、拓宽研究视野、加强理论深度,依据新时代我国博物馆课程实施的实际情况和高质量博物馆课程开发的迫切性开展本土化的创新研究。     

师范专业认证视域下中学卓越教师培养路径

师范教育是教师培养的专业性教育,在教师队伍建设中发挥着不可替代的作用。在师范专业认证背景下,如何围绕成果导向制定人才培养目标,建立“三位一体”协同培养机制,合理建构实现毕业要求的可行性课程体系,对课程目标达成度进行科学性评价与持续改进,如何以文化人、以文育人、加强文化环境的隐性作用,是高等师范教育专业适应社会发展的迫切要求。师范专业认证可以为教师教育改革和发展提供新的动力。     

CAN总线的数据帧结构及接口设计

在工业控制领域中,CAN总线是一种新型的现场总线。本文首先介绍了CAN总线的数据帧结构,然后给出了CAN总线与物理媒体的接口原理电路。     

“新史学”的勃兴与中西文化的融合创新

中国学术的近代化是在比较参照中西文化的异同,超越中西对立、体用两橛的思维模式,有选择地吸取和消化西学的前提下所进行的创造性文化重构与熔铸。近代“新史学”的勃兴实际上是中西文化认同融合创新的显例。这种吸收不是单向的,而是全方位的,包括欧美两大洲的英法美德俄以及亚洲的印度日本;融合创新的途径也不是单一的,而是多维的,几乎每一个有成就的学者都有自成一体的融合创新方法。     

"生命的力":与人类原初经验的对话--浅析沈从文小说的"生命本体"

“力”是人类原初经验的积淀,本文用“原型批评”方法解读沈从文小说的“生命意识”,乡村生命盈盈不息的生命力与都市生命“力”的匮乏形成呼应与比照.显然,“力”是人类繁衍、发展的不朽动力,生命生生不息的储备.     

民办高校教师继续教育的新思考

本文分析了对民办高校教师进行继续教育的必要性与迫切性,提出了对民办高校专职教师的继续教育应本着按需培训的市场化原则,采用多样、灵活的专业化培训模式,实现教师、学校、培训系统的合理组合,以达到最佳培训效果的思考和对策.