中小学教育质量综合评价工作的启发与改进策略——基于对安庆市综评示范区建设情况的思考

教育质量综合评价改革是深化教育综合改革、增强教育治理能力的关键环节,是破解素质教育难题、落实立德树人根本任务的重要举措,是顺应时代发展、建立有特色的评价体系、实现教育现代化的必然要求。安庆市作为国家30个实验区之一,经过五年的实验探索,顺利由实验区向示范区转变。但在实验过程中,我们也发现了一些需要进一步改进的问题。本文旨在通过对实验工作的思考,指出教育评价工作面临的问题,并提出改进策略。     

基于AR的地理学习活动流程设计

地理学科作为一门拥有着众多复杂地理元素的课程,如何能将复杂的地理元素更好地呈现给学习者一直都是探索的热点问题。增强现实技术作为一种能将虚实进行恰当结合的技术,正好可以契合地理教学中所面临的问题。在国内,增强现实技术作为一种初步应用于教学的技术,其具体应用流程缺乏,本文拟在活动理论的指导下,以实际课堂为出发点,整合增强现实的特点,以体验式学习为教学形式,构建基于增强现实的初中地理学习活动设计流程,尝试这一技术在地理课堂中应用的方式。     

新建地方本科院校教师本科教学胜任力与工作绩效的关系研究——以新余学院为例

本研究通过对新余学院50名教师进行问卷调查,来探讨教师本科教学胜任力与工作绩效的关系。结果发现:胜任力及各因子对工作绩效、任务绩效、人际促进因子和工作奉献因子都有显著的正向预测作用。     

大学辅导员思政教育工作中微信的运用探讨

大学辅导员是学生学校生活的领路人,其中一项重要工作内容就是学生的思想政治教育。高校学生的思想政治工作有较大难度,做好思想政治教育对培养一个道德品质与工作能力兼备的学生尤为重要。微信最初作为社交软件出现在人们的生活中,随着微信功能的丰富,它的使用范围变得更为广泛。学生在大学生活中使用微信的频率较高,它可以给学生的生活带来便利。辅导员可以将微信作为思想政治教育工作的辅助工具。借此可以提高辅导员工作的效率,也可以降低思想政治教育工作的难度。基于此,本文首先介绍微信的便利性和思想政治教育的重要性,随后从三个方面讲述辅导员如何在思想政治工作中运用微信,以此来供相关人士交流参考。     

Surface superconductivity in the type II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4

The search for unconventional superconductivity in Weyl semimetal materials is currently an exciting pursuit, since such superconducting phases could potentially be topologically non-trivial and host exotic Majorana modes. The layered material TaIrTe₄ is a newly predicted time-reversal invariant type II Weyl semimetal with the minimum number of Weyl points. Here, we report the discovery of surface superconductivity in Weyl semimetal TaIrTe₄. Our scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) visualizes Fermi arc surface states of TaIrTe₄ that are consistent with the previous angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy results. By a systematic study based on STS at ultralow temperature, we observe uniform superconducting gaps on the sample surface. The superconductivity is further confirmed by electrical transport measurements at ultralow temperature, with an onset transition temperature (T_c) up to 1.54 K being observed. The normalized upper critical field h*(T/T_c) behavior and the stability of the superconductivity against the ferromagnet indicate that the discovered superconductivity is unconventional with the p-wave pairing. The systematic STS, and thickness- and angular-dependent transport measurements reveal that the detected superconductivity is quasi-1D and occurs in the surface states. The discovery of the surface superconductivity in TaIrTe₄ provides a new novel platform to explore topological superconductivity and Majorana modes.     

Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.     

Single lithium-ion channel polymer binder for stabilizing sulfur cathodes

Lithium–sulfur batteries have great potential for high-performance energy-storage devices, yet the severe diffusion of soluble polysulfide to electrolyte greatly limits their practical applications. To address the above issues, herein we design and synthesize a novel polymer binder with single lithium-ion channels allowing fast lithium-ion transport while blocking the shuttle of unnecessary polysulfide anions. In situ UV–vis spectroscopy measurements reveal that the prepared polymer binder has effective immobilization to polysulfide intermediates. As expected, the resultant sulfur cathode achieves an excellent specific capacity of 1310 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 C, high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% at 0.5 C after 100 cycles and stable cycling performance for 300 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 1675 mA g⁻¹). This study reports a new avenue to assemble a polymer binder with a single lithium-ion channel for solving the serious problem of energy attenuation of lithium–sulfur batteries.     

Understanding divergent domestication traits from the whole-genome sequencing of swamp- and river-buffalo populations

Domesticated buffaloes have been integral to rice-paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights that our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.     

Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows

Known as the ‘third polar region’, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there. Previous studies of birds, animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence. The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood. We studied a human commensal, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels, in particular in muscle-related phenotypes, highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years. In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity, we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes. Through population genetic analyses, we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation, whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci, many of which are associated with muscle-related processes. Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution, shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment.