Hyperechoic demarcation line between a tumor and the muscularis propria layer as a marker for deciding the endoscopic treatment of gastric submucosal tumor

Minimally invasive endoscopic resection has been rapidly adopted as a new technique for treating patients with gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating in the muscularis propria (MP) layer. This study was conducted to evaluate the information obtained from endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) to determine the appropriate endoscopic dissection method for treating SMTs originating in the MP layer. Between February 2014 and May 2016, a total of 50 patients with gastric SMTs originating in the MP layer were enrolled in this study. The clinical features of the patients and their endoscopic, EUS, and histopathologic findings, as well as their postoperative follow-up data, were analyzed in this retrospective study. The mean age of the patients was (55.0±10.2) years, and the male/female ratio was 17:33. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed on 43 patients and an endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) was performed on seven patients. The most frequent location for an SMT was in the upper body region of the stomach (n=16), and the most common pathological diagnosis was a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) (n=32). The overall rates for complete resection were 95.3% (41/43) and 100.0% (7/7) when the SMTs were treated by ESD and EFR, respectively. The presence of a complete tumor capsule was significantly associated with a complete resection (P=0.001). Of the cases treated by ESD, nine patients developed perforation, one of whom required laparoscopic surgery. The remaining patients were closed with clips or purse-string sutures. The presence of an MP2-type tumor (P=0.018) and a wide connection with the MP layer (P=0.044) were significantly associated with perforation. A preoperative evaluation of the integrity and the location of a tumor capsule and the length of the tumor connection with the MP layer by EUS can improve the complete resection rate and reduce the occurrence of intraoperative complications. Tumors with a complete capsule originating from the superficial MP layer or with a narrow connection with the MP layer are appropriate candidates for treatment by ESD.     

法国博士生教育职业化改革：逻辑、措施与启示

法国博士生教育职业化改革以“博士生教育作为一种研究型职业经历”和“基于学术能力基础上的可迁移技能”为逻辑起点,在实践中采取注重博士生可迁移能力培养,构建博士生院的博士生职业化培训机制,加强博士生培养的计划与落实,促进博士生与企业双赢的产学研合作协议等具体举措来推进博士生职业化改革。这对我国进一步改革博士生培养模式、提高博士生培养质量具有一定的启示：政府应加强博士生教育顶层战略规划及相应的政策引领与保障;博士生教育机构需重申博士生培养理念,构建多元化培养模式;博士生要加强自身专业理论自信,提高可持续发展和可迁移能力。     

不同Co含量对超音速火焰喷涂WC-xCo-3Cr涂层组织和性能的影响

通过超音速火焰喷涂工艺在Cr12模具钢表面上喷涂制备了WC-x Co-3Cr(x=8,10,12,14)涂层,并采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机表征分析涂层的微观结构、显微硬度、耐磨损性能和耐腐蚀性,考察了不同Co含量对涂层组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Cr12模具钢超音速火焰喷涂后表面的耐磨损性能比喷涂前的基体耐磨损性能有较大的提高;表面硬度在不同程度上都得到提高,界面结合良好,其中WC-10Co-3Cr涂层的组织致密性最好、显微硬度最高、耐磨损及耐腐蚀性能最好。     

基于模糊聚类的主观题自动测评系统的初步实现

作者引入模糊数学中贴近度的概念来衡量人工阅卷中的得分点,利用模糊数学聚类分析过程来模拟人工阅卷的给分过程,设计了主观题的自动阅卷算法,并在系统中灵活设置了人工阅卷模块,构建了主观题网络考试系统。     

高校图书馆人力资源配置的问题及对策

以优化现代高校图书馆人力资源配置为目标,通过对现代高校图书馆人力资源配置现状的分析,寻求实现人力资源优化配置的突破口,在此基础上,提出现代高校图书馆人力资源配置的思路与对策,探究如何真正实现人尽其才、才尽其用、人事相宜、绩效叠加的工作效果.     

试论高校思想政治工作的现实性教育

高校思想政治工作的现实性教育是高校思想政治工作取得实效性的前提,加强思想政治工作的现实性教育是当前改进和加强思想政治工作的重要课题,同时也是高校思想政治工作的一项重要的基础性工作。     

基于虚拟仪器的傅立叶变换光谱分析实验系统

介绍了利用LabVIEW虚拟仪器技术改造后的傅立叶变换光谱分析实验系统,与采用VB语言开发的实验系统相比具有程序设计工作量小、运行可靠、便于升级、测量精度高的特点,并且可以同时作为展示虚拟仪器技术应用实例的教学平台。     

试述中国共产党对台政策的与时俱进

新中国成立以来,党和政府一直把实现台湾与祖国大陆的统一作为神圣的历史使命,并根据国内外形势的变化,适时制定了“解放台湾”、“和平解放”、“和平统一”的对台方针政策,体现了中国共产党在台湾问题上与时俱进的精神。     

西班牙高等教育中的残疾学生

本文简要分析了西班牙有关特殊教育的立法、政策及西班牙的高等教育体制,介绍了萨拉曼卡大学的校史和概况,重点介绍了该校支持残疾学生的各项政策与措施、基于残疾学生的图书馆服务及其在全纳教育方面的一些做法。     

集体行动困境下的新农村公共物品供给

新农村建设对农民来说“最实惠”的莫过于公共物品的供给。个体农民难以完成农村公共物品的供给，新农村建设的主体应是构成集体行动的农民。本文认为在“吴庄村”之类型的农村进行公共物品供给时，应当坚持农民的主体地位，无论国家、企业，还是非政府组织（NG0）都应当充分认识到其本身仅起外部辅助作用。