针对科研合作网络演化建模的基于Agent实验平台原型

科研合作网络是近年来复杂网络研究的热点问题之一,但当前关于科研合作网络动态演化问题的研究还很不充分,特别是把网络演化和网络中知识创造与传播问题结合起来的研究还鲜见报道.本文在分析Guimera等人提出的一个基于团队组合的科研合作网络演化模型的基础上,提出一个综合网络演化和网络中知识传播的动态网络建模框架暨元模型.进而,以所提出的元模型为依托,开发了一个计算机仿真实验平台原型,以辅助采用基于Agent建模范式的科研合作网络演化和知识传播研究.通过若干建模试验,初步验证了所提出的元模型和相应的实验平台原型的有效性.     

Teachers’ Autonomy in Today's Educational Climate: Current Perceptions From an Acceptable Instrument

This research evaluated the psychometric properties of Friedman's (1999) Teacher Work-Autonomy Scale (TWA) to determine whether it was an acceptable instrument to measure U.S. teacher autonomy in the present educational context. A second purpose was to ascertain the current status of teachers’ perceptions of their autonomy from a sample of U.S. teachers. Four hundred seventy-seven teachers from three public schools in Michigan participated in this study for a response rate of 30%. Factor analysis confirmed the multifaceted nature of teacher autonomy; however, somewhat different factor structures were found for the elementary and secondary teachers in this study, in comparison to that of Friedman. The TWA, without major modifications, appeared to be a valid and reliable instrument for use with a U.S. secondary sample but with limitation with an elementary sample. Elementary and secondary teachers perceived autonomy in the different factors in identical order, but with significant differences between their scores. Differences in school structure and conceptions of autonomy may have contributed to grade-level discrepancies. The findings suggest that administrators may be able to enhance teacher autonomy by releasing some of their power to include teachers in school leadership, specifically in the two areas teachers perceived with lowest autonomy: school finances and professional development.     

Active recovery effects by previously inactive muscles on 40-s exhaustive cycling

Abstract

The effects of active recovery using previously active and inactive muscle groups on power output and respiratory responses were examined. Ten male volunteers underwent two exhaustive 40-s bouts of leg cycling (1st Ex and 2nd Ex), separated by a 20-min recovery period. The recovery conditions were leg (Leg-Active) or arm (Arm-Active) cranking at 50% ventilatory threshold (VT), or sedentary control (Passive). The total output work (Total work) during the 2nd Ex in the Leg-Active condition was significantly higher than that in the Passive (299 vs. 282 J · kg body mass^?1 (J · BM^?1)). The values of Total work, peak [Vdot]O₂ and peak heart rate during the 2nd Ex were significantly higher than those during the 1st Ex in both Leg- and Arm-Active. Total CO₂excess after the 1st Ex was significantly higher than that after the 2nd Ex (67.6 vs. 26.0 ml · BM^?1) in Passive. After the 2nd Ex, the Total CO₂excess in the Leg-Active (51.5 ml · BM^?1) was significantly higher than that in both the Passive (26.0) and Arm-Active (36.5), with Arm-Active being significantly higher than Passive. The recovery exercise using previously inactive muscles improved respiratory compensation ability related to performance enhancement.     

Development of a dialogue-based guidance system for narrow area navigation

In this paper, we propose a dialogue-based navigation system for narrow areas (e.g., buildings, etc.). In particular, we develop Campus Navigation Partner System (CNPS), intended for the use by freshmen (first-year students) who are likely to get lost in the new environment on the university campus (with the campus of Kitami Institute of Technology set as the experimental environment). The CNPS operates on a smartphone and has the functions of facility navigation and indoor information presentation. Indoor environment navigation is typically a problematic task because GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals cannot be received with sufficient accuracy within concrete walls. Therefore, we utilized natural language dialogue as a navigation method that guides the users within the facility using navigation messages and images. To investigate the effectiveness of the constructed system, we conducted practical experiments with freshmen and senior students of the university and evaluated the performance of the navigation functionality. Moreover, we investigated the general impressions of the system which we evaluated separately with both freshmen and senior students to clarify the differences in evaluation viewpoints between freshmen and users experienced in the campus environment (graduate students, etc.).     

基于概念相关性度量的语义Web服务匹配：模型及匹配器原型

针对当前主流语义Web服务匹配方法过分强调服务请求与服务广告的精确匹配从而导致用户在实际中难以获得真正所需要的Web服务、或在服务自动发现与集成任务中计算负荷过大的问题,本文把基于本体的概念语义相关性度量模型引入Web服务匹配,提出一个新的更"轻便"的语义Web服务匹配模型.该模型使用一系列概念组分别描述服务的服务类别、输入、输出、前提、效果等诸方面的语义信息,在此基础上通过基于本体的概念组之间的相关性度量模型分别评价服务请求与服务描述在这些方面的语义匹配度.总体语义匹配度被定义为输入、输出、前提、效果方面的语义匹配度的加权和.基于这一匹配模型,本文进而研究了相应的服务匹配器原型.初步的数据试验表明,本文所提模型能较好地适应用户需求表述的模糊性,从而提高服务匹配的召回率;从计算复杂性看,本文所提模型也优于基于严格逻辑推理的语义Web服务匹配模型.     

A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Foreign‐Language Vocabulary Learning Enhanced by Phonological Rehearsal: The Role of the Right Cerebellum and Left Fusiform Gyrus

Psychological research suggests that foreign‐language vocabulary acquisition recruits the phonological loop for verbal working memory. To depict the neural underpinnings and shed light on the process of foreign language learning, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging of Japanese participants without previous exposure to the Uzbek language using learning of novel Uzbek words. During encoding, spoken Uzbek words and corresponding visual objects were shown, and subjects either overtly repeated the words (phonological rehearsal) or overtly rehearsed numbers (phonological suppression). Phonological rehearsal improved the encoding performance. A learning‐related decrease in rehearsal‐specific activation was found in the left fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right cerebellum. Recollection of the phonologically rehearsed words activated the right cerebellum and left fusiform gyrus more prominently than recollection of the phonologically suppressed words in a performance‐dependent manner. The phonological loop might provide the temporal and fragile registration of the articulatory pattern that is converted into a more durable form in the right cerebellum, which is in turn integrated with the object information in the fusiform gyrus.