Improving information security management: An analysis of ID–password usage and a new login vulnerability measure

Statistics show that the number of identity theft victims in the US increased by 12% in 2009, to 11.1 million adults, while the total annual fraud amount increased by 12.5%, to $54 billion. As the e-commerce volume is increasing and various online services are becoming more popular, the number of sites to which an average Internet user subscribes is increasing rapidly. Given the limited memory capacity of human beings, an Internet user's login credentials (in the form of a combination of a user ID and a password) are usually reused over multiple accounts, which can cause significant security problems. In this study, we address the vulnerability of login credentials. First, based on a unique Internet user data set, we analyze the behavioral characteristics of login credentials usage. We find that the same login credentials are used for many more accounts and reused much more often than previously expected. Furthermore, usage patterns are found to be quite skewed. Second, building on a network perspective of login credentials usage, we suggest a vulnerability measure of an individual's login credentials and analyze the vulnerability of current Internet users. The resulting information is valuable not only to the research community but also to managers and policy makers striving to reduce security vulnerability.     

Exploring the Written Dialogues of Two First-Year Secondary Science Teachers in an Online Mentoring Program

This study explored the yearlong learning processes of two first-year secondary science teachers participating in an online mentoring program, through examination of their written dialogues within the program and other data. Using a case study method, this study (a) explored the patterns of written dialogues between the two new teachers and their mentors over the course of a year, (b) documented pertinent topics of importance, and finally (c) illustrated the new realities created in the mentees’ classrooms as a result of the online mentoring process. Penelope and Bradley, who taught at an urban school and at a suburban school respectively, were selected as subjects. Our analysis revealed that the two pairs of mentee–mentors showed different participation patterns that affected the intensity of the creation of new realities, and affected whether the mentees tried/vetted new teaching practices suggested by their mentors. Yet, analysis also revealed that certain elements in the written dialogues between pairs were found to be similar, in that construction of knowledge was evident between both pairs when friction developed and appropriate teamwork emerged to deal with it. The topics of greatest interest and importance within the dialogues were those related to the logistics of the school system and the processes and methodologies of teaching. These results suggest that online mentoring programs are an effective dialogical tool for transferring the knowledge of experts to novices, and for thus expediting the professional induction and growth of new science teachers.     

高校校风系统性建设的探索与思考

校风建设是一个由学风、教风、管理作风和环境建设组成的有机整体，涉及方方面面的系统工程。从学风教风、管理作风和环境建设四方面对校风建设进行较深入的系统性分析与思考，对于新时期高校加强校风建设提高教育教学质量、促进学校改革与发展具有十分重要的意义。     

Lipid–oligonucleotide conjugates for bioapplications

Lipid–oligonucleotide conjugates (LONs) are powerful molecular-engineering materials for various applications ranging from biosensors to biomedicine. Their unique amphiphilic structures enable the self-assembly and the conveyance of information with high fidelity. In particular, LONs present remarkable potential in measuring cellular mechanical forces and monitoring cell behaviors. LONs are also essential sensing tools for intracellular imaging and have been employed in developing cell-surface-anchored DNA nanostructures for biomimetic-engineering studies. When incorporating therapeutic oligonucleotides or small-molecule drugs, LONs hold promise for targeted therapy. Moreover, LONs mediate the controllable assembly and fusion of vesicles based on DNA-strand displacements, contributing to nanoreactor construction and macromolecule delivery. In this review, we will summarize the general synthesis strategies of LONs, provide some characterization analysis and emphasize recent advances in bioanalytical and biomedical applications. We will also consider the relevant challenges and suggest future directions for building better functional LONs in nanotechnology and materials-science applications.     

Muskrat theories,tobacco in the streets,and living Chicago as Indigenous land

In this paper, we aim to contribute to ongoing work to uncover the ways in which settler colonialism is entrenched and reified in educational environments and explore lessons learned from an urban Indigenous land-based education project. In this project, we worked to re-center our perceptual habits in Indigenous cosmologies, or land-based perspectives, and came to see land re-becoming itself. Through this recentering, we unearthed some ways in which settler colonialism quietly operates in teaching and learning environments and implicitly and explicitly undermines Indigenous agency and futurity by maintaining and reifying core dimensions of settler colonial relations to land. We describe examples in which teachers and community members explicitly re-engaged land-based perspectives in the design and implementation of a land-based environmental science education that enabled epistemological and ontological centering that significantly impacted learning, agency, and resilience for urban Indigenous youth and families. In this paper, we explore the significance of naming and the ways in which knowledge systems are mobilized in teaching and learning environments in the service of settler futurity. However, we suggest working through these layers of teaching and learning by engaging in land-based pedagogies is necessary to extend and transform the possibilities and impacts of environmental education.     

中国收入分配制度改革中路线探析

改革开放三十年来,中国特色社会主义建设取得了举世瞩目的成就,中国特色社会主义市场经济的完善发展与中国分配制度的改革是密不可分的。市场自发倾向,政府宏观调控部分缺位导致的收入差距和分配不公是收入分配改革的动因,应从农村问题和制度建设入手进行解决。     

法国中小学反校园欺凌政策探析

法国中小学反校园欺凌政策内容主要包括校园欺凌概念的界定、欺凌监测软件的运用、角色职责的明晰、教师与学生的专业培训以及欺凌者的惩戒措施五个方面,具有政策内容系统明确、监测系统严谨专业、角色职责划分明确、培训课程内容丰富详实以及惩戒手段人性化的特点.政策实行多年后成效显著,2015年,法国教育部数据统计显示"校园欺凌行为呈下降趋势".然而就反校园欺凌政策内容而言,仍然存在些许不足,譬如部分学校政策内容简单不够具体、缺乏奖励机制和监督机制等.     

执政党治国方略的法治选择(下)

以往，执政党在法制问题上如“专政”与“法制”、群众运动与法制建设、执政党与国家政权、人治与法治等关系问题上，有许多教训。目前，要重新认识和高度重视法治选择在执政党治国方略中的地位和作用，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家，是社会主义制度趋于完善的重要内容和标志，是实现社会主义现代化的必要条件，是社会主义民主政治建设的总体目标和必然要求。“依法治国、是中国共产党在总结社会主义革合和建设的历史经验、教训的基础上而作出的必然抉择，它体现了执政党治国方式与法治目标的统一，反映了社会主义法治的本质特征，它是现代法治的高层发展和理想形态，要求我们必须从我国的实际情况出发，同时借鉴现代法治的有益经验，把依法行政和依法独立行使司法职权作为关键环节来解决，要充分认识法治条件下领导方式的深刻变革，创造由人治向法治转变的社会条件，从而实现执政党领导行为的法律化。     

什刹海兴衰往事

什刹海是北京著名的历史名胜,其与前海、后海等本同为积水潭,是坐落在北京西城的一片汪汪大湖。随着水体的自然变化,加之历史上长期的人为开发,湖泊被陆地分割,逐渐破碎。考其开发之年代,可追溯至金代营建万宁宫起,故而一向有“先有什刹海,后有北京城”之说。但什刹海真正繁荣起来,则是在元置大都于北京以后了。