培养工科学生工程创新意识的应用与实践

创新意识是现代工程技术人员工程意识及工程素质的重要组成,也是高等工科院校工程教育的主要培养目标之一;通过论述创新意识的内涵、组成及其重要意义,结合创新意识培养在工程实践教学中的具体应用,阐明了工程创新意识培养的方法和途径。     

Buckling response of offshore pipelines under combined tension, bending, and external pressure

The buckle and collapse of offshore pipeline subjected to combined actions of tension, bending, and external pressure during deepwater installation has drawn a great deal of attention. Extended from the model initially proposed by Kyriakides and his co-workers, a 2D theoretical model which can successfully account for the case of simultaneous tension, bending, and external pressure is further developed. To confirm the accuracy of this theoretical method, numerical simulations are conducted using a 3D finite element model within the framework of ABAQUS. Excellent agreement between the results validates the effectiveness of this theoretical method. The model is then used to study the effects of several important factors such as load path, material properties, and diameter-to-thickness ratio, etc., on buckling behaviors of the pipes. Based upon parametric studies, a few significant conclusions are drawn, which aims to provide the design guidelines for deepwater pipeline with solid theoretical basis.     

以人文教育为基点,加强英语专业的文化课程设置的改革

长久以来,"学以致用"的教育理念指导着英语专业的教学与课程设置一直围绕着"听、说、读、写、译"而展开,教育者培养了一代又一代"工具型"、"适用型"人才,英语专业教育理念丧失了本来的人文性。文章就本专业目前在专业理念与课程设置中存在的问题,对山东与上海部分高校进行了调查、对比与分析,对英语专业的课程设置提出具体改革建议。     

Past/forward policy-making: transforming Chinese engineering education since the Reform and Opening-up

Although engineering education has played important roles in China’s growing power and influence on the world stage, engineering education policy since the Reform and Opening-up in the late 1970s has not been well documented in current English-language scholarship. Informed by historical and sociological studies of education, engineering and engineering education, this paper attempts to address this scholarly gap by relating contemporary Chinese engineering education policy-making to its broader historical, cultural and ideological contexts. Based on analysis of policy documents and reports released by the Chinese government and engineering schools, and drawing on prior scholarship of Chinese (engineering) education policy, this paper employs the concept of ‘past/forward’ as an analytic lens to interpret and understand four major areas of engineering education policy change in contemporary China: institutional reform, disciplines and majors, training objectives, and curriculum reform.     

规范性外交与欧盟气候外交政策

文章首先通过外交行为的目标、手段及影响三个方面来界定规范性外交,即规范性外交是什么的问题,接下来,分析规范性外交的内在推动力,即利益和规范在规范(或价值)为主导的政策象限中战略考量如何与规范互动.文章第二部分选取了欧盟气候外交政策作为案例,分析其目标、手段和影响维度,认为可持续发展和多边主义规范为欧盟的规范性外交提供了一个象限维度,在该象限维度中,权力政治与理性利益将穿插其中,共同影响欧盟环境外交政策.     

习近平关于教育重要论述的理论逻辑与实践逻辑

习近平关于教育的重要论述作为马克思主义教育理论中国化的最新成果,是理论逻辑与实践逻辑的统一体。就理论逻辑而言,它有宏观微观相结合、层次分明的结构逻辑,又有历史继承与时代创新相结合、承继鲜明的关系逻辑;就实践逻辑而言,它以发现问题、分析问题、解决问题为演进,形成了问题导向的实践纲领。     

Modelling and optimal control of a time-delayed switched system in fed-batch process

The main control goal of the fed-batch process is to maximize the yield of target product as well as to minimize the operation costs simultaneously. Considering the existence of time delay and the switching nature in the fed-batch process, a time-delayed switched system is proposed to formulate the 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) production process. Some important properties of the system are also discussed. Taking the switching instants and the terminal time as the control variables, a free terminal time delayed optimal control problem is then presented. Using a time-scaling transformation and parameterizing the switching instants into new parameters, an equivalently optimal control problem is investigated. A numerical solution method is developed to seek the optimal control strategy by the smoothing approximation method and the gradient of the cost functional together with that of the constraints. Numerical results show that the mass of target product per unit time at the terminal time is increased considerably.     

基于履历信息的国际科技人才特征分析——以近十年诺贝尔物理、化学、生理或医学奖得主为例

本文通过公开信息源获取2004-2013年诺贝尔物理学、化学、生理学或医学奖得主的个人履历信息,对这72位获奖者的特征进行分析,包括性别结构、国家分布、年龄结构,挖掘对获奖产生重要影响的科研社会关系。结果发现,获奖者以男性居多,女性获奖者多属于生理学或医学领域;获奖者多为美国人,高水平的机构对科技人才的成长有着重要影响;获奖者整体年龄偏大,其中高龄化学奖得主人数最多;科研社会关系对于年轻学者的成长有着非常积极的影响。文章最后为我国培养国际科技人才提出若干建议。     

古建筑物防雷措施探讨

中华民族五千年的文明史,给我们留下了许多的珍贵文物,其中不乏众多的古建筑物.为使这些古建筑物减少和避免遭受雷击侵害,更好地保护好它们,从分析古建筑物的现状以及雷电侵害的方式和途径出发,探索出切实可行的古建筑物抵御雷击灾害的措施.     

透过《红轮》分析索尔仁尼琴的文学思想

索尔仁尼琴---这位在正义里守望、逆境中前行的伟大苏联作家,以其批判性的文学作品,采用独特的人文主义情怀来阐述人性之爱。本文以索尔仁尼琴的《红轮》为研究对象,首先将《红轮》以及命运多舛的创作历程呈现出来,然后从社会环境、文学传统以及宗教信仰三个角度,对《红轮》创作的文学背景加以深刻分析,目的是透过《红轮》这部长篇巨著,为现代人展现俄罗斯革命时期的芸芸众生与社会百态,最后则从《红轮》的文学视角出发,对索尔仁尼琴所具有的人文主义、批判主义等文学思想加以深刻理解。