Physical activity levels of 5-11-year-old children in England as determined by continuous observation.

Continuous observation of the physical activity of 56 preadolescent children was conducted in four regions of England from October 1988 to July 1989. Observations were undertaken during school break times, lunch times, and physical education lessons, as well as during the children's free time. Of total time observed, the children spent 32.4% of it engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Children were shown to be most active during school breaks and least active during free time at home. However, it is thought that cardiorespiratory benefits are best achieved by participation in sustained periods of MVPA. Only 8 (14%) of the 56 children were observed to participate in MVPA for sustained periods of 20 min or longer. A random sample of 55 physical education lessons was observed. Only 6 children engaged in MVPA for sustained periods of 5 min or more, and no children participated in MVPA for 10 min or longer. The implications of these results are that, although the children engaged in a reasonable amount of MVPA, it may not have been sustained for periods of sufficient length to produce a cardiovascular training response. Consideration is given to ways of promoting lifelong involvement in physical activity.     

训练及类固醇药物对动物骨、肌肉肌腱和韧带生物力学特性的影响

本实验对训练动物予以类固醇药物,发现其肌力增强,但工作时间缩短,肌肉断裂强度和能量吸收无改变。胫骨、跟腱、屈趾肌腱和膝内侧副韧带的某些生物力学特性受到不同程度的影响,使其在激烈运动中易于受伤。     

图书馆馆藏文献资源评价：层次分析法应用的理论研究

在分析文献资源的特征的基础上,以大学图书馆为例,研究了层次分析法实际应用的客观环境、评价目标、评价模型的厘定以及评价方法。     

对推铅球最后用力阶段左侧支撑用力技术效果的进一步研究

本研究用两部高速摄影机及两台瑞士产KISTLER测力台对我国10名优秀铅球运动员最后用力动作进行了测试。结果表明:①左脚着地后的突停制动与蹬伸动作对提高投掷效果有良好效应;②左腿强有力的支撑与快速蹬伸与投掷效果高度相关;③左臂、左肩及躯干的转动式鞭打动作与力效应特点,以及力梯度、垂直冲量、平面力矢分析进一步表明了左侧支撑用力技术与提高投掷效果的关系;④为用术语方便起见,可将左侧支撑用力技术简称为左侧撑蹬。     

职业体育俱乐部运动员人力资源价值计量研究

采用文献资料调研和专家咨询法,根据微观经济学理论,运用人力资源会计中关于人力资源价值计量的货币性和非货币性方法,从成本与新增价值角度出发,对职业体育俱乐部的运动员人力资源价值计量模式进行研究。研究结果构建了运动员人力资源当期群体、当期个体、绩效、分配、未来群体、未来个体等6种价值计量模式,为职业体育俱乐部的人力资源管理提供依据。     

国外大众体育志愿服务发展的经验与启示

在国际志愿服务大发展的背景下,一些发达的国家大众体育志愿活动也在蓬勃兴起与发展,迈入了组织化、规范化、科学化的轨道,成为大众体育发展的"基石".他山之石可以攻玉,了解国外大众体育志愿服务发展状况,探析其成功经验,可为我国大众体育志愿者队伍的建设与发展提供有益的启示.     

Research Facility Development at CAS

This article gives an introductory account on the development of research facilities at the CAS over the past six years since the initiation of the Knowledge Innovation Program in 1998 and during the period of the national 10th Five-year Plan in particular. In addition, it expounds the key points for the future work at the CAS in this regard.     

全球化视角下的西方体育文化发展

通过对西方体育文化的哲学起源以及其演进历程的探讨,试图找寻东西方体育文化的差异所在,为我国体育文化的发展提供一些可借鉴之处.     

新时期体育价值观转变与体育本质、功能和目的

体育价值观与体育本质、功能、目的有着密切的内在联系.以体育价值观为主线,对新时期体育价值观转变与体育本质、功能和目的的关系作了辨证分析,旨在为我国体育基本理论建设提供新的切入点,为新时期我国体育改革的深入发展提供理论依据和现实指导.