The mobile information behavior of Warner Pacific University students was studied using survey questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and group-based exercises through the lens of several common information theories and models. As ownership of connected devices became nearly ubiquitous, students used the Internet more than the library. Students built digital networks to connect with friends or classmates. The Internet was the students' primary information source, since using Google was a daily lifestyle habit while the library was totally new and unfamiliar territory. Comparison of the students' information search processes (ISPs) with Kuhlthau's ISP diagram revealed that the students searching was idiosyncratic and unpredictable, and they only adopted systematic search protocols when these were imposed on them. Chatman's theory of information poverty was useful as it revealed that the students' perception of information deprivation cut across all socio-economic groups. 相似文献
Although the gender gap in academia has narrowed, females are underrepresented within some fields in the USA. Prior research suggests that the imbalances between science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields may be partly due to greater male interest in things and greater female interest in people, or to off-putting masculine cultures in some disciplines. To seek more detailed insights across all subjects, this article compares practising US male and female researchers between and within 285 narrow Scopus fields inside 26 broad fields from their first-authored articles published in 2017. The comparison is based on publishing fields and the words used in article titles, abstracts, and keywords. The results cannot be fully explained by the people/thing dimensions. Exceptions include greater female interest in veterinary science and cell biology and greater male interest in abstraction, patients, and power/control fields, such as politics and law. These may be due to other factors, such as the ability of a career to provide status or social impact or the availability of alternative careers. As a possible side effect of the partial people/thing relationship, females are more likely to use exploratory and qualitative methods and males are more likely to use quantitative methods. The results suggest that the necessary steps of eliminating explicit and implicit gender bias in academia are insufficient and might be complemented by measures to make fields more attractive to minority genders. 相似文献
Pseudoscience beliefs (e.g., astrology, ghosts or UFOs) are rife in American society. Most research examines creation/evolution
among liberal arts majors, general public adults, or, infrequently, middle or high school science teachers. Thus, research
truncates the range of ersatz science thinking and the samples it studies. We examined diverse beliefs, e.g., extraterrestrials, magic, Biblical creation, and evolution, among 540 female and 123 male future teachers, including 325 elementary education majors. We study
how these cognitions related to education major and, because popular media often present pseudoscience “information”, student
media use. Future elementary educators most often rejected evolution and endorsed “creationism” or Intelligent Design. Education
majors held similar beliefs about astrology, UFO landings, or magic. Compared with other education students, elementary education
majors watched less news or science television and read fewer popular science magazines. However, religious and media variables
explained more variation in creation/evolution beliefs than education major. We discuss implications of our findings for elementary
school science education and how teacher educators may be able to affect pseudoscience beliefs among their elementary education
students. 相似文献
This study compared the perceived importance of and needs for maternal gestational weight information between African American and Caucasian pregnant women. A secondary analysis of data from 113 pregnant women (82 African Americans and 31 Caucasians) attending an inner-city prenatal clinic was conducted for this study. Perceived importance of and needs for information were measured in five areas: (1) nutrition, (2) prenatal vitamins, (3) rest/activity balance, (4) exercise, and (5) appropriate weight gain. African American women demonstrated significantly higher perceived importance of and needs for information on rest/activity balance and appropriate weight gain than Caucasian women. Exercise information was rated lower in importance but was most needed by both African American and Caucasian women. Education programs about maternal gestational weight need to be cognizant of ethnic women's needs. 相似文献
A small group of children and young adolescent with dyslexia has severely impaired reading skills despite prolonged special education. These are the students in focus. In dyslexia, problem behaviour, internalised as well as externalised, has previously been reported, so also for the participants with dyslexia in this study. The aim of the present study was to obtain more in‐depth knowledge of the behaviour problems from various informants, representing different settings. This kind of information is imperative for identifying problem behaviour, and for planning and implementing remedial programmes. A clinical group of 70 students with severe dyslexia, due to phonological problems, and a control group of 70 without reading problems participated. The two groups were pair‐wise matched on age, gender, cognitive level and whether they lived in rural or urban areas. Mean age was 150 months, and mean IQ was approximately 100 in both groups. Parents, teachers and participants provided information on behaviour through the Achenbach questionnaires Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher's Report Form and Youth Self Report. Behaviour is, in these questionnaires, divided into eight syndrome areas called Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed, Social Problems, Thought Problems, Attention Problems, Delinquent Behavior and Aggressive Behavior. The three informant groups reported significantly more problems in the dyslexia group than in the controls in all the syndrome areas. Parents reported more children with dyslexia to be anxious and depressed, and have social problems and attention problems than teachers. They also reported suicidal ideations in nine participants with dyslexia. In addition, parents rated more internalising and total problems in the dyslexia group than teachers. 相似文献
Efforts to identify and support credible causal claims have received intense interest in the research community, particularly
over the past few decades. In this paper, we focus on the use of statistical procedures designed to support causal claims
for a treatment or intervention when the response variable of interest is dichotomous. We identify seven key features of logistic
regression studies that should play a critical role in estimating a causal effect and discuss their implications for causal
inference. These include elaboration of research design, clarification of link function, model specification, challenges and
limitations of sample size, interpretation of treatment effect through odds ratios, statistical tests and examination of model
fit, and the potential for multilevel logistic models in pursuit of causal claims. Our recommendations are intended to guide
researchers in the critical evaluation of logistic regression models for analyses culminating in causal claims and to promote
stronger design and modeling strategies for reliable causal inference. 相似文献
As hypermedia, online teacher professional development (TPD) should ideally support diverse learners to work with online content
effectively because it involves multiple representations and a nonlinear format. Differences among participants in motivation
and learning provide challenges for design. The present study is a use-inspired, mixed-method study of 164 teachers’ motivation
and learning in an unmoderated online workshop. It addresses participants’ demographic and motivational profiles, participation
in this type of workshop (e.g., the frequency, duration, and focus, as well as their work with technology-enhanced, nonroutine
challenge problems and journal assignments), the predictive value of the initial questionnaire, and implications for design.
Findings indicate that while three clusters of motivational profiles could be identified (low interest, low self-efficacy,
and less math; low interest, high self-efficacy, and more math; high interest, high self-efficacy, and more math), whether
the teachers continue to participate appears to be related to the structure and content of the workshop, not just these profiles.
Findings are interpreted as suggesting that the potential of hypermedia lies in its designers’ abilities to support participant
stake by providing for multiple ways into thinking and working with disciplinary content—design that both accommodates and
supports those with differing strengths and needs. Implications for studying motivation and learning online are also discussed. 相似文献
This article discusses librarian support of medical education programs and patient care with blogs and wikis. Pedagogical background for using Web 2.0 tools in educational settings is explored and example applications given. A survey of health sciences libraries usage of blogs and wikis was conducted in 2009-2010. Using the results from the survey plus five years of experience using blogs and wikis at the University of Washington Health Sciences Library, best practices were compiled and are presented for guidance in establishing new blogs and wikis. 相似文献
Reliable data on attendance, participation and attitudes to the arts are needed by planners, policy makers, arts organisations, those concerned with marketing the arts and researchers.
This chapter describes the development and piloting of a national survey of people's engagement with the arts by the Arts Council of England and the Office for National Statistics. It outlines the main reasons for the development of the survey, presents results from the pilot and compares them with other national and international sources of data.
From the outset, procedures for obtaining feedback on the pilot questionnaire were built into the planning process. The paper discusses respondents’ reactions to the questionnaire, their views on how meaningful the questions were and how well the interview worked. It also explores respondents’ understanding of such terms as ‘the arts’ and ‘public funding’, and how they responded to questions.
The chapter concludes with a summary of the changes made in the light of the pilot and outlines future plans for the survey. 相似文献
In Part 2, the authors explore the work of the performance architect at the work/process/practice level. They include a Time and Motion Workflow Chart to capture the steps in a task during the observation phase of analysis and discuss how to interpret the findings. In Part 1 of a four‐part series, the authors described the work of the performance architect at the worker/individual/team level and shared the performance map, a visual and diagnostic model used to focus clients on performance issues. 相似文献