Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows

Known as the ‘third polar region’, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there. Previous studies of birds, animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence. The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood. We studied a human commensal, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels, in particular in muscle-related phenotypes, highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years. In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity, we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes. Through population genetic analyses, we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation, whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci, many of which are associated with muscle-related processes. Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution, shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment.     

Large-scale multiferroic complex oxide epitaxy with magnetically switched polarization enabled by solution processing

Complex oxides with tunable structures have many fascinating properties, though high-quality complex oxide epitaxy with precisely controlled composition is still out of reach. Here we have successfully developed solution-based single-crystalline epitaxy for multiferroic (1-x)BiTi_(1-y)/2Fe_yMg_(1-y)/2O₃–(x)CaTiO₃ (BTFM–CTO) solid solution in large area, confirming its ferroelectricity at the atomic scale with strong spontaneous polarization. Careful compositional tuning leads to a bulk magnetization of 0.07 ± 0.035 μ_B/Fe at room temperature, enabling magnetically induced polarization switching exhibiting a large magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.7–3.0 × 10⁻⁷ s/m. This work demonstrates the great potential of solution processing in large-scale complex oxide epitaxy and establishes novel room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in epitaxial BTFM–CTO film, making it possible to explore a much wider space of composition, phase, and structure that can be easily scaled up for industrial applications.     

基于KANO模型的用户数字音乐信息获取途径品质要求研究

【目的/意义】构建用户数字音乐信息获取途径品质要素体系,对用户数字音乐信息获取途径品质要求进行 分类,为数字音乐信息服务企业改进数字音乐信息平台功能和性能、数字音乐信息用户合理选择数字音乐信息获 取途径提供参考。【方法/过程】通过情报学理论推导和对数字音乐平台的网络观察,确定了用户数字音乐信息获取 途径的品质要素;经过KANO模型方法进行调查统计,对数字音乐信息获取途径的品质要求进行分类,并采用逻辑 分析方法对各品质要素进行解析。【结果/结论】在数字音乐信息获取途径的10个基本品质要素和25个附加品质要 素中,有3个兴奋型品质要素、 5个期望型品质要素、 5个必备型品质要素、20个无差异性品质要素、 2个反向型品质 要素。     

福建省高校图书馆读者利用文献信息资源研究

以网络为背景,以调查数据为依据,在分析高校读者文献信息需求特点、规律、趋势及影响读者利用文献信息因素的基础上,进行变革服务现状的思路与措施和建立福建省高校图书馆文献信息资源保障体系的研究。     

根据道德取向选拔医学生的研究

本文在对来自澳大利亚、以色列、斐济、新西兰、苏格兰、英格兰的7864名医学生或医学生申请者以及84名澳大利亚心理学学生进行问卷调查基础上,研究道德取向对职业、伦理标准、伦理行为的影响。本文提出了一个比较新的观点,即衡量一名医学工作者或医学生的道德水准,通过道德取向来衡量,比通过道德决断来衡量更为准确。     

指向学科素养发展的深度学习与思考

2017年版普通高中物理课程标准中明确了物理学科核心素养,要求我们从"知识为本"转向"观念建构",在"观念建构"过程中让学生形成从物理视角认识事物和解决问题的思想、方法的科学思维、科学态度.深度学习与学科核心素养发展是相辅相成的,物理学科核心素养需要通过深度学习培养,学生获得的物理学科核心素养反过来又能很好地促进深度学...     

融资制度运行机制的政府主导特征分析

多年市场化导向的改革使中国许多领域成功地摆脱了计划经济,市场机制对资源配置正在发挥基础作用,但在一些关键领域仍然由国家进行调控,转型经济中融资制度的运行机制就属于这些关键领域。由于国家对计划经济手段的路径依赖以及行之有效的市场手段的缺乏等原因,融资制度的运行机制呈现出典型的政府主导特征,集中表现为信贷计划(信贷总量控制)、价格控制、准入控制和其他直接控制的工具等手段仍发挥着强势作用。     

化学试题错解原因分析

常言道：“失败乃成功之母”,“吃一堑,长一智”．从某种意义上说,学习就是从错误中吸取教训,不断改正错误,总结经验,获得真知的循序渐进的过程．故笔者就学生在化学学习中典型试题的错解原因拟文分析,以求与大家共同探讨．     

对促进我国民办高等职业学校发展的几点认识

民办高等职业教育学校的发展虽然有资金不足、社会偏见和师资设备有待提高和充实等不利因素的制约,但同时也有良好的外部发展外环境、自主灵活的办学机制等有利因素,民办高职学校应充分发挥自身自主、灵活性的办学机制,扬长避短。