Effects of Manipulative Instruction on Solving Area and Perimeter Problems by Students with Learning Disabilities

Abstract. A multiple baseline design was employed to test the effect of manipulative instruction on the perimeter and area problem‐solving performance of middle and high school students who had been diagnosed with LD in the area of mathematics. Modeling, prompting/guided practice, and independent practice in conjunction with manipulative training were employed to teach both perimeter and area problem‐solving skills. Analysis of data revealed that the students rapidly acquired the problem‐solving‐skills, maintained these skills over a two‐month period, and transferred these skills to a paper and pencil problem‐solving format. This research extends previous findings by revealing that use of concrete manipulatives promotes the long‐term maintenance of skills.     

How an understanding of Bakhtin's theory of the chronotope can assist progression in classroom writing

Our argument in this paper is that the model of literary progression which Bakhtin (1981, 1986) expounds in his writing on the chronotope can generate insight into the processes through which pupils improve their writing. We suggest more generally that there are concepts and clues in Bakhtin's historical model of the development of the European novel and in his theory of dialogue which can be helpful in both the evaluation and teaching of classroom writing.     

试论我国高尔夫运动的产业发展特征

我国高尔夫运动的产业化发展 ,具有竞技和休闲的双重社会文化特征 ,体现了现代社会个体对高雅、文明、健康的文化消费方式的心理诉求和价值趋向 ,是具有高附加值的体育文化产业。     

构建我国教练员科学训练能力评估指标体系

目前我国在对教练员训练能力的评价过程中，往往采用看教练员进过哪一级的运动队和根据教练员所带队员取得过怎样的运动成绩来进行评估．由于种种原因造成这种评价方法不能科学、准确、全面和客观地反映教练员的实际训练水平和能力．为此，本文运用文献资料法、特尔斐法、层次分析法等，构建了教练能力科学评估指标体系以及评定的标准与方法，拟对我国教练员的训练能力进行客观、合理、综合的评估。