Can guidance during play enhance children’s learning and development in educational contexts? A systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis considered evidence of guided play compared to direct instruction or free play to support children's learning and development. Interventions from 39 studies were reviewed (published 1977–2020); 17 were included in meta-analysis (N_total = 3893; M_childage = 1–8 years; M_girls 49.8%; M_ethnicity White 41%, African American/Black 28%, Hispanic 19%). Guided play had a greater positive effect than direct instruction on early maths skills (g = 0.24), shape knowledge (g = 0.63), and task switching (g = 0.40); and than free play on spatial vocabulary (g = 0.93). Differences were not identified for other key outcomes. Narrative synthesis highlighted heterogeneity in the conceptualization and implementation of guided play across studies.     

Putting literacy attainment data in context: examining the past in search of the present

This article examines the construction and design of literacy attainment data in the English school system in two different historical periods: the 1860s and the 1950s. These periods represent contrasting moments in the history of education in the UK when school structures and the governance of education varied, as did the design and interpretation of literacy attainment data, their relationship to pedagogy and the curriculum, and the administrative purposes for which they were deployed. By paying attention to the relationship between the form the data took and their mobilisation in administrative, professional and public discourse, this article will challenge current assumptions about the primacy of numerical data and the certainty accorded the information they encode. Studying the role numerical data played in shaping education in the past reveals tension points between data, discourse and social contexts that highlight the peculiarities of contemporary uses of literacy attainment data and their current role in bringing policy and pedagogy into the same space.     

Authentically assessing graduate teaching: outside and beyond neo-liberal constructs

In this paper, we challenge the current focus on ‘best practice’, graduate teacher tests, and student test scores as the panacea for ensuring teaching quality and argue for ways of thinking about evidence of quality beginning teaching outside and beyond the current neoliberal accountability discourses circulating in Australia and other countries. We suggest that teacher educators need to reinsert themselves as key players in the debates around quality beginning teaching, rather than being viewed as a source of the problem. To enable teacher educators to assume accountability for quality beginning teachers, we propose the framework of a capstone teacher performance assessment—a structured portfolio called the Authentic Teacher Assessment (ATA)—and examine examples of these assessments through the lens of critical discourse analysis. As a measure of ‘readiness to teach’, the ATA is compared with supervising teachers’ assessments of preservice teachers. We argue that structured portfolios that include artefacts derived from preservice teachers’ practice in classrooms along with graduate teacher self assessments provide a stronger accountability measure of effective beginning teaching and demonstrably address the current anxiety regarding ‘evidence’. We suggest that such an approach should be reliable enough to be ‘read’ by external assessors (and moderated across other teacher education institutions). Rigorous research on a national basis is called for in order to develop and implement a structured portfolio as rich evidence of graduates’ quality and readiness to teach.     

A systematic approach to the design of secondary school lessons in Guyana

Selected physics and geography classes in Guyanan secondary schools received four different instructional treatments. Three experimental groups received (A) a systematically designed curriculum unit implemented by the designer of the unit (B) the same unit implemented by another teacher and (C) a lesson utilising the aims and objectives defined in the curriculum unit. A fourth (control) group received the conventional lesson for this aspect of the curriculum. Pre- and post-test data revealed significant learning gains in experimental groups. The implications of these results are considered for curriculum development and the training of teachers in Guyana.     

Interpreting young people's self-expression through characters and relationships in collaborative creative writing

White Water Writers is an intervention that offers school pupils the opportunity to collaboratively write a novel in a week. The current study uses thematic analysis to interpret the voices of young people with special educational needs and/or disabilities through the characters and relationships created in this fictional writing. The main themes derived from the data were: heroism and villainy, associated with characteristics such as responsibility and control; fictional powers, linking to personal agency; social relations, including positive relationships with peers and authority figures; and anthropomorphism, for exploring new emotions and interactions between humans and animals. This suggests that creative writing may be a useful lens through which to explore young people's views of their lived experiences.