Tongan students’ attitudes towards their subjects in new zealand relative to their academic achievement

Research indicates that affective attitudes such as liking of a subject and confidence in one’s ability within a subject predict academic performance. Generally, immigrant minority students have positive attitudes and often have low academic performance. This study examines the self-efficacy and liking of subjects of New Zealand students and analyses the relationship of those attitudes towards academic performance in mathematics, writing, and reading by self-reported ethnicity. Data were obtained from the norming samples from the Assessment Tools for Teaching and Learning project in New Zealand. Of special interest are the relationships between attitude and performance for Pasifika and Tongan students in New Zealand. Tongan and Pasifika students had positive attitudes, but their mean scores were not significantly different to other ethnic groups except in writing for Tongan students. Tongan and Pasifika students did have lower academic performance than majority and Asian immigrant students in all three subjects. The correlation between liking and self-efficacy was fundamentally zero for Tongan and Pasifika students, while it was weakly positive for majority and Asian immigrant students. Together these results question the power of self-efficacy and liking attitudes to predict academic performance for immigrant students from agrarian or traditional societies. Further, the data suggest that ‘school effects’ are most likely explanations for this relationship, rather than lack of attachment, opposition, or deficiency theories.     

谈思想政治课的兴趣培养

兴趣是学生学习活动的心理动机，积极而持续的学习兴趣能促进学生的学习。因此，在思想政治课教学中，教师应重视对学生学习兴趣的培养、巩固和提高。基本上可通过三个途径予以培养：一是艺术导课；二是创设情景；三是课外活动，以此来培养、巩固、提高学生对思想政治课的学习兴趣，并进而树立正确的信念，形成良好的行为习惯，从而提高思想政治课的实效性。     

"问诊"新课改后的品德课堂

新课程改革下的品德课教学,教师不再是课堂的主宰,而是学生学习的组织者、合作者、引导者;学生的学习方式也发生了变化,自主、合作、探究、体验式学习在课堂中占了主体;“生活”走进了课堂,德育实践性正在逐渐增强。但是,有些教师对新课程理念的理解还不够透彻,在品德课教学中追求“形似”,忽略了“神似”和“实效”。因此,笔者认为有必要对这些现象进行诊断,找出相应的对策,提高品德课的实效性。一、对品德课堂几个教学片断的“问诊”案例一:《认一认祖国的行政区》(三年级下册)教学片段教师:现在我们来玩一个游戏——认一认祖国34个省级行…     

On tonal pattern perception in monkeys (Cebus apella)

The monkey’s capacity to extract tonal pattern from a sequence of tones was assessed in four subjects that had the benefit of substantial past experience in discriminating, matching, and remembering acoustic stimuli. In Experiment 1, the monkeys failed to transfer their well-established matching behavior to the matching of two structured sequences of tones that differed primarily in tonal pattern, indicating that for them tonal pattern was not a salient feature of the acoustic stimuli. Experiment 2 was an attempt to encourage tonal pattern perception by employing, within a discrimination paradigm, very simple tonal patterns and multiple exemplars of the positive and negative patterns; the transfer design, borrowed from Hulse and Cynx (1985), was a powerful one for revealing tonal pattern perception. Verifying earlier results from our laboratory, there was little in the monkeys’ transfer performance to indicate that they had extracted tonal pattern from the acoustic stimuli. Major discriminative control seemed to be vested in the first tone of each exemplar. This apparent cognitive limitation may be rather general among animals, perhaps reflecting an intimate connection between the capacity for tonal pattern perception and that for acoustically based language.     

谈现代书法创作中的观念与技巧

本文讨论了现代书法创作中的两大课题：如何看待“观念”和“技巧”。认为理性的思辩需要把传统的、当代的文化形态纳入现代书法创作的视野。如果把现代书法形态看作一种观念．就需要打破具体样式．对资源重新粘合。     

Curriculum Design of a Flipped Classroom to Enhance Haematology Learning

A common trend in higher education is the “flipped” classroom, which facilitates active learning during class. The flipped approach to teaching was instituted in a haematology ‘major’ class and the students’ attitudes and preferences for the teaching materials were surveyed. The curriculum design was explicit and involved four major components (1) the preparation of the students; (2) the weekly pre-class work; (3) the in-class active learning strategies and (4) closing the learning loop using formative quizzes. Each of these components is discussed in detail and was informed by sound pedagogical strategies. Several different sources of information and several freely available software tools to engage the students are discussed. Two iterations are reported here, with improved pass rate for the final examination from 47 to 48 % in the traditional class to 56–65 % in the flipped classroom approach. The majority of students (93 and 89 %) came to the class prepared, after viewing the screencasts and engaged fully with the activities within the face-to-face time. The students perceived that solving case studies (93 %) was the most beneficial activity for their learning and this was closely followed by the production of essay plans (71 %). The majority of students recommended that this approach be repeated the following year (69 and 75 %).     

Pre-service physical education teachers’ Indigenous knowledge,cultural competency and pedagogy: a service learning intervention

In this paper, we investigate the effects of a community- and school-based service learning experience (SLE) on pre-service physical education teachers’ Indigenous knowledge, cultural competency and pedagogy. Informed by the theoretical tenets of Indigenous research methodologies, experiential learning and critical reflection, we examine 55 final-year pre-service physical education teachers’ (age: 21.9 [8.3]; 10.7% low SES; 68% females) cultural learning and competency in a core unit of study with a six-week SLE. Measures of their experiences included reflective journals, multicultural teaching competency scales and focus group interviews. Findings support the design of the SLE, with statistically significant changes in pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their cultural competency (p < 0.001). Pre-service teachers were able to challenge their assumptions about Indigenous students, plan and implement student-centred and culturally relevant pedagogies. Attention is drawn to the design of this SLE and demonstrates the importance of using Indigenous community members and teachers as mentors, which has not been explored in previous SLE studies.     

电子商务环境下企业的知识产权管理

电子商务环境下,企业的知识产权管理呈现新的特色。文章首先分析了电子商务环境下企业知识产权管理中存在的问题,接着分析了它的新特点,最后从政府和企业两个角度提出了几点策略,以提高企业的自主创新能力,提升企业的竞争力,实现长久的发展。     

我国高学历者失业的经济学解释

高学历者失业是近年来在我国社会中凸现的热点经济问题。高学历者失业对社会而言，不仅严重浪费整个社会人力资源，同时也严重遏制社会、企业与个人的人力资本投资积极性。本文立足于现代经济学的失业与人力资本理论，借助人力资本投资—贡献模型对我国高学历者失业及其根源进行深刻剖析；并提出了相应的治理措施。本文研究对于促进我国人力资本投资、高学历者就业及其效率提高都具有非常重要理论与现实意义。     

2000年《Science》载文、作者和引文的统计分析

本文统计了《Science》2000年的论文、作者及其引文，重点讨论了该刊的载文量、论文作者的系统及地区分布，作者的合作度、合著率和引文统计等问题。