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71.
72.
Gerald D. Tharp William G. Thorland Glen O. Johnson James B. Peter 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):139-143
The purpose of the study was to compare young sprint and distance runners for changes in their cardiac dimensions with increased age (10–17 years) or body surface area (1–2 m2). Echocardiographic dimensions were obtained on 73 male track athletes competing in the 1983 National Age Group Track and Field Association championships. Each group of athletes was also compared with a hypothetical normal population (matched for weight and age) generated from prediction equations derived by Henry, Gardin, & Ware (1980). The cardiac dimensions examined were: Left ventricular internal diameter, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, and interventricular septum thickness. The male distance runners (n = 38) had a significantly greater increase in left ventricular posterior wall thickness and interventricular septum thickness with increasing age or increasing body surface area compared to the sprinters (n = 35) or compared to the predicted normal population. The left ventricular internal diameter was not significantly different between the groups. These results indicate that the hearts of male distance runners are undergoing a training hypertrophy whereas the hearts of sprinters are no different than hearts in a normal population. The changes in cardiac dimensions of these young athletes run counter to the generalizations stated for adult athletes: That endurance training enlarges the left ventricular internal diameter, but does not increase the left ventricular posterior wall or interventricular septum thickness. 相似文献
73.
74.
Qualitative data often need analysis using log-linear models, as pointed out by Liu and Sanders. In this article, references to the state-of-the-art literature and software packages for analyzing such data are presented. We also illustrate the two types of log-linear models and present procedures for investigating both types. 相似文献
75.
Explaining the academic performance of community college students who transfer to a senior institution 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Archie G. Phlegar Loyd D. Andrew Gerald W. McLaughlin 《Research in higher education》1981,15(2):99-108
The academic performance of 361 community college students was investigated after their transfer to a comprehensive university. The predictor variables included personal, environmental, demographic, and pretransfer academic measures. The criterion was grade point average (GPA) at the senior institution. Analyses included moderated linear regression and a branching algorithm which forms subgroups to best explain criterion scores (AID-3). The academic pattern and performance at the community college was found to be very important to the relevance of specific factors related to the curriculum selected at the senior institution. 相似文献
76.
Gerald S. Edmonds Robert C. Branch Prachee Mukherjee 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1994,42(4):55-72
Instructional design (ID) professionals typically employ models that guide their practice. However, it is unclear how a specific
model is selected for an instructional situation. Andrews and Goodson (1980) provided a valuable procedure for comparing instructional
design models, but because of the proliferation of variations in instructional design applications during the past decade,
the introduction of instructional design into new learning contexts and the emergence of alternative approaches to instructional
design, there has emerged a need for a new framework which assesses the potential success of any instructional design model.
A framework is presented here which is intended to provide a conceptual tool for determining appropriate instructional design
applications. 相似文献
77.
In this paper, we analyse the aims, contents and impact of Seabra’s two-volume textbook – Elementos de Chimica (Elements of Chemistry) – published in 1788 and 1790. Seabra’s Elements of Chemistry does not conform to the characteristics usually ascribed to textbooks by traditional historiography, and in particular to
textbooks published in the peripheries. Marking the arrival of the new chemistry in Portugal, in a period in which many still
resisted Lavoisier’s chemistry, this textbook was a state of the art account written in Portuguese, interspersed with critical
evaluations, original comments and novel contributions. Despite being the only Portuguese chemistry textbook written during
this period, it had hardly any readers, even among its natural audience at the University of Coimbra. 相似文献
78.
Gerald F. Smith 《Interchange》2001,32(4):349-374
Due to its strong focus on reasoning and argumentation, critical thinking lacks the breadth required of a comprehensive account of higher order thinking. In particular, critical thinking does not promote reflection on the underlying problems or situations that people think about. This paper reviews various proposed additions to and reorientations of the critical thinking paradigm. It presents a conceptual framework that encompasses the most promising extensions as topics in a broadened account of higher order thinking. This account can be understood as an elaboration of problem solving along two dimensions: Problem types, which are generic thinking situations; and problem solving functions, which are generic thinking tasks. The proposed topic-level account of higher order thinking offers a greatly enlarged view of what should be taught in general thinking skills programs. 相似文献
79.
Julie K. Snyder Gerald W. McLaughlin James R. Montgomery 《Research in higher education》1991,32(1):45-58
What factors contribute to high-quality funded research activity in research universities? What do these institutions have in common? What management strategies do they employ to encourage funded research excellence and activity? In this period of decreased or level government spending, competition for grants among research universities becomes fierce. In order to stay competitive, it is important to know what works in research management. Preliminary research has allowed us to provide some answers and to clarify some key questions on what makes a successful research program. 相似文献
80.
The purpose of this study is to examine integrated process skill and formal thinking abilities of middle and high school students and determine the relationship, if any, between the two. A relationship was thought to exist since both sets of skills strongly emphasize conducting fair experiments as well as other abilities. Pencil and paper measures of formal operational and integrated process skill achievement were given to almost 500 grade 7–12 students. Resulting correlations showed a strong relationship between achievement on the two meansures (r = 0.73) and all subtests of both measures. Factor analysis data corroborate the correlational evidence. One potential inference to be drawn from these results is that process skill teaching might influence formal thinking ability. A follow-up experimental study will determine this. 相似文献