Sex differences in the etiology of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior: results from two twin studies

Recent theory and results from twin and adoption studies of children and adolescents suggest greater genetic influence on aggressive as compared to nonaggressive antisocial behavior. In addition, quantitative or qualitative differences in the etiology of these behaviors in males and females have been indicated in the literature. The Child Behavior Checklist was completed by the parents of 1022 Swedish twin pairs aged 7-9 years and of 501 British twin pairs aged 8-16 years. Genetic factors influenced aggressive antisocial behavior to a far greater extent than nonaggressive antisocial behavior, which was also significantly influenced by the shared environment. There was a significant sex difference in the etiology of nonaggressive antisocial behavior. Bivariate analyses supported the conclusion that the etiologies of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior differ for males and females.     

Depending on the kindness of strangers: current national data initiatives and developmental research

This article provides a brief review of current large-scale, longitudinal data collection initiatives focusing on children. These studies will be available for secondary data analyses in the twenty-first century. In addition to child outcome data, process-oriented information is being collected on child-parent interactions, quality of child care, elementary school teacher reports and classroom observations, accessibility and use of health, educational and social services, parental mental health, family violence, fathering, parental residence patterns, income and income sources, child support, employment patterns, and community characteristics. Several of these studies are randomized trials of the efficacy of early childhood intervention services and housing mobility programs. The usefulness of these efforts for exploring policy-relevant issues (child support enforcement, work requirements for welfare recipients, antipoverty strategies, housing subsidies and relocation, availability of child care, child-care subsidies) are discussed.     

应用由乳化-扩散方法制备的功能PLGA纳米颗粒的药物发送系统(英文)

运用功能纳米颗粒的药物发送系统是一种具有发展前景的途径,因为它减少了副反应并减轻病痛 Poly(D,L lactide co glycolide)(PLGA)纳米颗粒的尺寸是80nm,它的制备是通过乳化扩散方法,并应用Poloxamer188作为稳定剂 所制备的纳米颗粒具有疏水核作为药物的载体,而其冠状亲水表面可避免形成网状内皮系统(RES) 作为生物医学应用的第一个例子是PLAG纳米颗粒包含雌激素,它对于受到意外伤害而抑制不安情绪具有局限性 研究指出:局部地发送具有雌激素的PLGA纳米颗粒将激烈减少新内膜的形成程度 其次是应用经过修改的PLAG纳米颗粒发送系统专用于骨治疗的药已经实现,它与骨有高度的相似 已经证明:与双磷酸(bisphosphonate)相结合的PLGA纳米颗粒,参入到鼠的静脉内之后,将可累积在鼠骨内     

赤霉素对植物生长和开花的影响

赤霉素是在一种寄生于稻属作物的真菌(Gibbe-rella fujikuroi)分泌物中所发現的,是一种有很高生理活性的物質,这种物質能引起植物的高度发育。由于赤霉素的发現,創造了广泛的,試驗它对植物生長发育的影响及其对植物的生理表現与形态形成过程影响的基础。赤霉素对植物生長与开花影响方面的研究是特别值得注意的,最初就确定赤霉素对許多一年生或多年生植物幼苗起着显著的刺激作用。同时它对矮生型植物,例如豌豆及玉米等表現了特別强烈的反应。之后也証实了赤霉素对植物的开花也起着强烈的作用。这种試驗得出了显著的成績,不論作試驗的植物的种不同,以及进行这些試驗的条件互异,所取得的結果都是完全吻合的。     

用鸡胚心脏进行器官培养的实验

本文所述的实验是想告诉学生怎样用器官培养来研究发育问题,而此实验只需将目前许多普遍生物实验课中都进行的活鸡胚一般观察的实验,加以延伸即可。先让学生观察制作孵化48小时鸡胚标本的全过程,使他们熟悉鸡胚的介剖:要他们特别注意静脉窦、心房、心室和主动脉弓的位置。接下来发给学生一个生活了55—72小时的鸡胚,按照实验指导(许多实验手册中的指导是适用的,如Evert. Saigo,和Eichhorn 1979 Eberhard,Arms,和Camp 1927),把鸡胚     

麦田里的守望者(节选)

“什么 ?”我跟老菲芘说。她跟我说了些什么，可我没听清楚。 　　“你连一样东西都想不出来。” 　　“嗯，我想得出来。嗯，我想得出来。” 　　“呃，那你说出来。” 　　“我喜欢艾里，”我说，“我也喜欢我现在所做的事。跟你一起坐在这儿，聊聊天，想着一些玩艺儿──”“艾里已经死啦──你老这么说的 !要是一个人死了，进了天堂，那就很难说──”“我知道他已经死啦 !你以为我连这个也不知道 ?可我依旧可以喜欢他，对不对 ?不可能因为一个人死了，你就从此不再喜欢他，老天爷──尤其是那人比你认识的那些活人要好一千倍。” 　　…     

Specifications of OCLC CJK Bibliographic Records And the Adoption of CJK Records from Asia

OCLC Online Computer Library Center, the largest library automation network in the world, links nearly 20,000 libraries in the Uaited States and 60 other countries and territories. Introducing a library automatian network of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean(CJK) characters in 1986, OCLC operates the largest CJK library network in the world in terms of the member of online CAK institutional asers. As of January 1, 1995, OCLC had 40 CJK users in the United States, Aastralia, Hong Kang and Taiwan. As of October 1, 1994, there were nearly 850, 000 unique CJK bibliographic records in the OCLC database. OCLC is interested in sharing the CJK bibliographic records, especially in loading CJK records created in Asia into the OCLC database. To this end, OCLC has entered into an agreement with the National Central Library, Taiwan; the National Library of China, and Waseda University, Japan, and is in negotiation to load the Japan-MARC records. Sharing of CJK bibliographic records between libraries in Asia and those in the United States is a complex task as the CJK records created in Asia and those created in the United States are not compatible. This paper explains the specifieatioas of the OCLC CJK records, and lists eight areas where the incompatibility exists. The following five areas of incompatibility are due to different cataloging practices: 1. AACR2; 2. name and subject authorities;3.romantzation; 4.subject headings; and 5.ctassification schemes. Three additional areas of incompatibility are technical in nature; 6.MARC format; 7.character set; and 8.internal code.     

因为懂得，所以珍惜。

当命运女神看了这个女子一眼，在那万分之一的不经意间，就对她产生了偏爱。她说，这个女子很不凡，如果生在古代，必将倾国倾城。于是，2005年夏天上演了一场完美的倾情风暴。那个叫李宇春的女子，用她的魅力燃烧了大江南北。[编按]     

Benefits of computer-presented speed training for poor readers

The effects of computer-presented automatization exercises in a group of 14 poor readers were assessed in comparison to a matched control group of 14 poor readers that received computer-presented exercises aimed at the use of context for word identification and comprehension. Training took place three sessions a week for 15 minutes per session and lasted about two months in each group. Results showed that the automatization or “speed” group progressed more than the context group in word and text reading efficiency, and the effect transferred to more complex word types than the CVC word type that was presented in the exercises. Both groups progressed to the same extent in accuracy, but the speed group made more progress in speed. No effects were found for reading comprehension. The findings make clear that computer-supported automatization exercises can be effective in reducing reading problems of poor readers in a short period of time. Implications for practice are discussed.