Understanding divergent domestication traits from the whole-genome sequencing of swamp- and river-buffalo populations

Domesticated buffaloes have been integral to rice-paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights that our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.     

我国学校体育场地建设效率研究

基于第六次全国体育场地普查基础数据,运用数据包络分析法,对我国学校体育场地建设效率进行研究。结果显示：在样本期内,学校体育场地建设的综合技术效率均值为0.606、纯技术效率均值为0.758、规模效率均值为0.787,较之DEA最优值1,我国学校体育场地的建设效率不高;以非DEA有效为标准,从综合技术效率看,学校体育场地建设效率呈现东部高于西部、西部高于中部地区的态势,场地建设投入决策单元的整体效率水平不高;从纯技术效率看,体育场地建设效率呈现西部高于东部、东部高于中部地区的态势,场地建设投入要素的管理和技术水平有较大提升空间;从规模效率看,体育场地建设效率呈现与综合技术效率同样的态势,且全国有23个省体育场地建设处于规模效益递减状态,场地建设投入资源的配置效率不高。分析表明我国学校体育场地建设效率低的原因主要在于场地建设投入资金的结构不合理、区域间体育资源的配置不合理、体育用地开发利用的"二维平面延展"局限性等。建议：在财政经费投入上采用差异化的财政投入政策,在区域性资源配置上合理配置区域间学校体育场地建设投入资源,在土地资源开发利用上注重学校体育用地的"三维立体化"开发等举措,以提高我国学校体育场地的建设效率。     

Coronavirus disease(COVID-19):The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions

The on-going Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)outbreak in China has become the world's leading health headline and is causing major panic and public concerns.On January 30,2020,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared that the new coronavirus outbreak is a public health emergency of international concern.1 The virus has already had a direct impact on more than 10 million people in the city of Wuhan and has reached other parts of China as well,posing a health threat of unknown magnitude globally.As of February 8,2020,WHO reported 34,886 confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally,with 34,589 of them occurring in China(including 6101 severe cases and 723 deaths).A total of 288 other confirmed cases(with 1 death)have been reported in 24 countries,including Japan,Australia,Germany,and United States.2 However,these daily estimates are expected to rise even higher as reports from health authorities in China3 are gathered and near real-time updates of the Johns Hopkins virus dashboard are made 4 The outbreak has caused governments in various countries to take swift and protective measures.In China,these included putting cities on lockdown,5 implementing travel wamings/bans and cancellations,6 extending national holidays,and closing schools and postponing classes7.     

Recent Advances in Constructing Interfacial Active Catalysts Based on Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Catalytic Mechanisms

The interaction between the metal and the support of supported metal catalysts, which are widely used in industry, is the primary focus of the study of such cat...     

Mineralogy of the deep lower mantle in the presence of H2O

Understanding the mineralogy of the Earth''s interior is a prerequisite for unravelling the evolution and dynamics of our planet. Here, we conducted high pressure-temperature experiments mimicking the conditions of the deep lower mantle (DLM, 1800–2890 km in depth) and observed surprising mineralogical transformations in the presence of water. Ferropericlase, (Mg, Fe)O, which is the most abundant oxide mineral in Earth, reacts with H₂O to form a previously unknown (Mg, Fe)O₂H_x (x ≤ 1) phase. The (Mg, Fe)O₂H_x has a pyrite structure and it coexists with the dominant silicate phases, bridgmanite and post-perovskite. Depending on Mg content and geotherm temperatures, the transformation may occur at 1800 km for (Mg_0.6Fe_0.4)O or beyond 2300 km for (Mg_0.7Fe_0.3)O. The (Mg, Fe)O₂H_x is an oxygen excess phase that stores an excessive amount of oxygen beyond the charge balance of maximum cation valences (Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺ and H⁺). This important phase has a number of far-reaching implications including extreme redox inhomogeneity, deep-oxygen reservoirs in the DLM and an internal source for modulating oxygen in the atmosphere.     

论高等学历信号的有效性

高等学历信号的有效性是指高等学历信号能否对能力不同的人进行有效甄别,而高等教育体制会对高等学历信号的有效性产生重要的影响。中国目前的高等教育体制使高等学历信号失效,失效后的高等学历信号对劳动力就业市场、对社会生产率、对个人的选择及对高等教育本身都产生了极为深远的影响。     

自然科技类博物馆展览中“语境化阐释”与“传播有效性”的关系探讨

自然科技类博物馆面临着如何提高展览传播有效性的挑战。本文以语境化阐释为切入点,探讨了其理念、方法和实践在提升自然科技类博物馆传播有效性方面的作用和意义。语境化阐释是一种将展品置于其原生或新生的关联网络中,揭示展品与其相关的人、物、环境、事件等之间的联系,从而增强展品的信息量、意义和价值的阐释方法。本文分析语境化阐释的内涵、机制、目标及作用,并从历史演变和现实功能的视角,剖析“语境化阐释”助力“传播有效性”提升的内在逻辑。最后,提出基于“展品”语境网络的可视化编织、基于“知识”的跨语境对话与跨视角重构以及基于“受众”的分众化语境化阐释系统助力路径。     

"跑米"血泪记

我是江湾人. "虬江十八湾,弯弯到江湾."江湾是以虬江而得名的.江湾北通吴淞、宝山,南连虹口、闸北等地,是兵家必争之地,故屡遭兵灾.尤其是民国21年(1932年)"一·二八"和民国26年(1937年)的"八·一三"日军侵略战争,江湾均首当其冲,大部分房屋被毁.我家房屋也先后被日寇烧掉过两次,深受其害.     

基于灰色系统理论的专利授权数预测研究——以辽宁省为例

[目的/意义]旨在准确、合理地对专利授权数进行预测.[方法/过程]运用灰色系统理论,对待选因素进行灰关联度计算,选择关联度较高因素的统计数据,形成被比较序列,再结合参考序列建立GM(1,N)模型,对专利授权数进行预测和误差检验.[结果/结论]通过与常规GM(1,N)模型对比,建立的GM(1,6)模型的预测准确度优于前者...     

基于财务会计岗位课程的思政教学改革探索

课程思政的目标是立德树人,将德智体美劳贯穿育人的全过程,把学生培养成德智体美劳全面发展的高素质人才是一切教育的根本.课程思政对会计专业课程改革至关重要.本文从财务会计岗位课程思政改革的特点出发,设计岗位课程的思政点,并探索切实可行的岗位课程思政实践路径.