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31.
The nature of the earliest stage of reading was examined by comparing two views about the importance of environmental print in children’s learning experiences. One theory holds that environmental print leads to the acquisition of reading through developing rudimentary representations of specific words and logos, while the second theory concerns assembled phonology and asserts that reading begins with knowing letters and their sounds. Supporters of this theory hold that knowledge of environmental print and logos is reading the environment and may not directly facilitate the acquisition of word reading. Two studies were conducted with non-reading preschool children in which environmental print knowledge was assessed and related to word recognition training. In the first session of each study children were presented with accurate representations of environmental print and logos such as ‘McDonalds’ and ‘Stop’ to find the ones they were able to identify and the ones they failed to identify. In the second session learning trials were conducted with those words from the logos that the children identified and also those that they failed to identify and with matching control words. Both studies found that the words from the known logos were more readily learned than the matching control words, but only in Study 1 were the known logo words learned more readily than the ones the children did not know. The results were discussed in terms of Gibson’s (1969) theory of perceptual learning, and supported the view that environment print and logo knowledge facilitated word reading. 相似文献
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Madeline M. Crocitto Lynn D. Walsh Albert Murphy Maureen A. Keefe 《Interactive Learning Environments》2018,26(1):61-74
Business educators are concerned with integrating diversity-related topics and seek methods by which to teach them. This paper suggests that as classes become more heterogeneous, the opportunity to examine diverse perspectives and experiences naturally arises in the course of class assignments and activities. The differential experiences of majorities and minorities are revealed when students discuss and write about their own experiences related to the content of various business courses. The issues of self and group identity and perceptions of others emerge in the context of small group discussions when students share their experiences as recorded in learning logs, personal cases, research assignments, and typical class discussions. The opportunity for community learning in heterogeneous groups provides a forum for diverse perspectives and experiences to be shared. Students and professors learn about different perceptions and reactions to personal and current events as well as their own perspectives, creating a culture of inclusion in the class. Implications and suggestions for a wider application of our methods to a global context are also offered. 相似文献
35.
This study explored kindergartners' and first graders' collaborative processes to understand the nature of peer collaboration and the learning opportunities afforded by peer discourse. Data were drawn from 6 dyads who participated in a computer writing project for 2 school semesters. Children's videotaped interactions were analyzed with the focus on understanding how children's collaborative roles and patterns changed over time. Examination of video data and children's computer products revealed that (a) children's interaction patterns changed from a more independent style toward a more integrative style, as shown in their distribution of control over mouse and keyboard and in the written outcomes of their collaboration; (b) a shift in role patterns emerged across repeated instances of peer collaboration so that children began alternating the roles of leader and observer, and less competent children began carrying out more important tasks; and (c) the computer served as an object of reference for children to sustain their interaction and stay on task. 相似文献
36.
Wolff-Michael Roth 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2007,2(4):721-783
In science education, reform frequently is conceived and implemented in a top-down fashion, whether teachers are required
to engage in change by their principals or superintendents (through high-stakes testing and accountability measures) or by
researchers, who inform teachers about alternatives they ought to implement. In this position paper on science education policy, I draw on first philosophy to argue for a different approach to reform, one that involves all stakeholders—teachers, interns,
school and university supervisors, and, above all, students—who participate in efforts to understand and change their everyday
praxis of teaching and learning. Once all stakeholders experience control over the shaping and changing of classroom learning
(i.e., experience agency), they may recognize that they really are in it together, that is, they experience a sense of solidarity.
Drawing on ethnographic vignettes, science teaching examples, and philosophical concepts, I outline how more democratic approaches
to reform can be enabled. 相似文献
37.
Student outcomes and perceptions of instructors' demands and support in online and traditional classrooms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, seven graduate students were interviewed and 187 (91 online; 96 traditional) graduate students were surveyed about perceptions of differences in instructors' demands and support and student' motivation, self-regulation, satisfaction, and perceptions of learning in these environments. Results indicated significant differences in students' perceptions on all variables except self-efficacy. Results indicated a strong effect for differences between perceived instructor affective support in online and traditional classrooms. Although students in traditional classrooms ranked instructors' affective support higher, the variable had a stronger relationship with online students' satisfaction. Differences between online and traditional students' reports of instructors' academic support, instructors' demands, and students' satisfaction were significant with medium effect sizes. Results are important because they provide information about students' perceptions of the differences in environments created by instructors that relate to students' affective outcomes. 相似文献
38.
Mary Hanrahan 《Research in Science Education》1994,24(1):156-165
This paper presents a model for the type of classroom environment believed to facilitate scientific conceptual change. A survey
based on this model contains items about students' motivational beliefs, their study approach and their perceptions of their
teacher's actions and learning goal orientation. Results obtained from factor analyses, correlations and analyses of variance,
based on responses from 113 students, suggest that an empowering interpersonal teacher-student relationship is related to
a deep approach to learning, a positive attitude to science, and positive self-efficacy beliefs, and may be increased by a
constructivist approach to teaching.
Specializations: secondary school science learning environments, writing in science, alternative frameworks, the language of science. 相似文献
39.
This paper reviews the archival process at the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), a repository
of digital social science data, and maps ICPSR’s Ingest and Access operations to the Open Archival Information System (OAIS)
Reference Model. The paper also assesses ICPSR’s conformance with the archival responsibilities of “trusted” OAIS repositories,
with the proviso that audit criteria for archival certification are still under development. The ICPSR to OAIS mapping exercise
has benefits for the larger social science archiving community because it provides an interpretation of the reference model
in the quantitative social science environment and points to preservation-related issues that may be salient for other social
science archives. Building on the archives’ long tradition of shared norms and cooperation, we may ultimately be able to design
a federated system of trusted social science repositories that provides access to the global heritage.
相似文献
Cole WhitemanEmail: |
40.
Income is not enough: incorporating material hardship into models of income associations with parenting and child development 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Although research has clearly established that low family income has negative impacts on children's cognitive skills and social-emotional competence, less often is a family's experience of material hardship considered. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (N=21,255), this study examined dual components of family income and material hardship along with parent mediators of stress, positive parenting, and investment as predictors of 6-year-old children's cognitive skills and social-emotional competence. Support was found for a model that identified unique parent-mediated paths from income to cognitive skills and from income and material hardship to social-emotional competence. The findings have implications for future study of family income and child development and for identification of promising targets for policy intervention. 相似文献