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This study explores teachers’ first enactments of a set of theory-based curriculum materials designed to support academic language instruction. Specifically, this multiple case study looks at how six middle school English teachers in three US schools adapted the materials; each case includes a pair of teachers, one novice and one more experienced. All schools were located in the same district where a school performance measurement system was being used to publicly rank schools’ academic performance and growth. Multiple measures were used to look for evidence of adaptations and why teachers made adaptations. We found that all teachers adapted the curriculum, most often in response to either perceived student needs or district reform pressures. In two cases, patterns of adaptation differed by teacher experience; experienced teachers appeared better able to adapt curriculum materials to meet instructional goals. This pattern did not hold up at the third school, where teachers faced greater reform pressures. Taken together, these findings suggest that researchers should pay more attention to the role of school and district policy on teachers’ enactments of theory-based reforms. We conclude with guidance to researchers, instructional leaders and others interested in the potential of theory-based curricula as a lever for improving classroom instruction. 相似文献
64.
Madeline M. Crocitto Lynn D. Walsh Albert Murphy Maureen A. Keefe 《Interactive Learning Environments》2018,26(1):61-74
Business educators are concerned with integrating diversity-related topics and seek methods by which to teach them. This paper suggests that as classes become more heterogeneous, the opportunity to examine diverse perspectives and experiences naturally arises in the course of class assignments and activities. The differential experiences of majorities and minorities are revealed when students discuss and write about their own experiences related to the content of various business courses. The issues of self and group identity and perceptions of others emerge in the context of small group discussions when students share their experiences as recorded in learning logs, personal cases, research assignments, and typical class discussions. The opportunity for community learning in heterogeneous groups provides a forum for diverse perspectives and experiences to be shared. Students and professors learn about different perceptions and reactions to personal and current events as well as their own perspectives, creating a culture of inclusion in the class. Implications and suggestions for a wider application of our methods to a global context are also offered. 相似文献
65.
This study explored kindergartners' and first graders' collaborative processes to understand the nature of peer collaboration and the learning opportunities afforded by peer discourse. Data were drawn from 6 dyads who participated in a computer writing project for 2 school semesters. Children's videotaped interactions were analyzed with the focus on understanding how children's collaborative roles and patterns changed over time. Examination of video data and children's computer products revealed that (a) children's interaction patterns changed from a more independent style toward a more integrative style, as shown in their distribution of control over mouse and keyboard and in the written outcomes of their collaboration; (b) a shift in role patterns emerged across repeated instances of peer collaboration so that children began alternating the roles of leader and observer, and less competent children began carrying out more important tasks; and (c) the computer served as an object of reference for children to sustain their interaction and stay on task. 相似文献
66.
Wolff-Michael Roth 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2007,2(4):721-783
In science education, reform frequently is conceived and implemented in a top-down fashion, whether teachers are required
to engage in change by their principals or superintendents (through high-stakes testing and accountability measures) or by
researchers, who inform teachers about alternatives they ought to implement. In this position paper on science education policy, I draw on first philosophy to argue for a different approach to reform, one that involves all stakeholders—teachers, interns,
school and university supervisors, and, above all, students—who participate in efforts to understand and change their everyday
praxis of teaching and learning. Once all stakeholders experience control over the shaping and changing of classroom learning
(i.e., experience agency), they may recognize that they really are in it together, that is, they experience a sense of solidarity.
Drawing on ethnographic vignettes, science teaching examples, and philosophical concepts, I outline how more democratic approaches
to reform can be enabled. 相似文献
67.
Student outcomes and perceptions of instructors' demands and support in online and traditional classrooms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, seven graduate students were interviewed and 187 (91 online; 96 traditional) graduate students were surveyed about perceptions of differences in instructors' demands and support and student' motivation, self-regulation, satisfaction, and perceptions of learning in these environments. Results indicated significant differences in students' perceptions on all variables except self-efficacy. Results indicated a strong effect for differences between perceived instructor affective support in online and traditional classrooms. Although students in traditional classrooms ranked instructors' affective support higher, the variable had a stronger relationship with online students' satisfaction. Differences between online and traditional students' reports of instructors' academic support, instructors' demands, and students' satisfaction were significant with medium effect sizes. Results are important because they provide information about students' perceptions of the differences in environments created by instructors that relate to students' affective outcomes. 相似文献
68.
Mary Hanrahan 《Research in Science Education》1994,24(1):156-165
This paper presents a model for the type of classroom environment believed to facilitate scientific conceptual change. A survey
based on this model contains items about students' motivational beliefs, their study approach and their perceptions of their
teacher's actions and learning goal orientation. Results obtained from factor analyses, correlations and analyses of variance,
based on responses from 113 students, suggest that an empowering interpersonal teacher-student relationship is related to
a deep approach to learning, a positive attitude to science, and positive self-efficacy beliefs, and may be increased by a
constructivist approach to teaching.
Specializations: secondary school science learning environments, writing in science, alternative frameworks, the language of science. 相似文献
69.
The primary purpose of this research was to examine the construct validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory by comparing maltreating and high-risk parents' CAP Inventory abuse scores to their behavior during interactions with their children. A second purpose was to determine the degree to which CAP Inventory scores and parenting behavior were related to several known correlates of abuse, as measured by parent and teacher reports. Participants (n = 41) included abusive and high-risk parents and their children referred to a treatment group. Correlational analyses revealed that CAP Inventory scores and observed parenting style yielded highly related findings, supporting construct validity of the CAP Inventory. However, the CAP Inventory and observed behavior index showed a different pattern of relationships to the risk correlates. Implications for assessment of risk status are discussed and recommendations are provided for continued research. 相似文献
70.
Professor Kenneth Tobin Wolff-Michael Roth Sabitra Brush 《Research in Science Education》1995,25(3):267-281
The education of prospective Elementary and Early Childhood (E&EC) teachers to teach science has been an on-going challenge
for science teacher educators. Accordingly, a course in physical science was planned and implemented especially for prospective
E&EC teachers. The purpose of this study was to understand the nature of the enacted curriculum and about the forces which
constrained its evolution. Miller, the teacher of the course, had no prior experience in teaching prospective E&EC teachers
and many of his experiences as a university level teacher were based on his teaching of physics majors. These experiences
shaped his approach to teaching the course as did his years as a basketball coach. Miller was an expert in physics and constructed
his role as teaching students significant scientific truths. Miller saw the purpose of the course as being to educate the
students in science, not to prepare them to teach science. He was unwilling to address the goals of students that were oriented
strongly toward becoming better teachers. The beliefs of the teacher constrained the enacted curriculum to an extent that
gaps between the needs of students and the enacted curriculum were wider at the end of the course than they were at the beginning.
Armstrong College
In my opinion I think I failed completely, but I am quite happy with what I am trying to do. I just don't think I executed
it well. So I was pretty unhappy with the whole experience in terms of the results, but I was not unhappy with the experience
in terms of whether it was worth doing. I think it is important in science to develop free-thinking and being able to come
to conclusions. Science is being able to reflect on the human condition, and being able to think about things you don't know
about. (Miller) 相似文献