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121.
A framework for investigating approaches to mathematics teaching in light of recent reforms is described. This framework is
used to explore the struggles of a veteran middle school mathematics teacher as he attempted to modify his practices. The
report was developed during a two-year period during which the teacher was interviewed and observed regularly. The teacher
was successful in broadening some aspects of his pedagogical thinking and practice. For example, he reformed his teaching
to emphasize important mathematical concepts. However, at least in part because of his views of pedagogical authority, he
was unable to let his students explore ideas, solve open-ended problems, and debate intended meanings of mathematical ideas
and solutions on a regular basis.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
122.
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We describe, discuss and illustrate a metaphoric parallel between the history of the most famous Spanish liqueur, “Anís del Mono” (Anís of the Monkey), and the evolution of living organisms in the light of Darwinian theory and other biological hypotheses published
subsequent to Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species. Also, we report the use of a caricature of a simian Darwin with a positive connotation, perhaps the only one ever produced.
We conclude that, like some species in the natural world, Anís of the Monkey has evolved, adapted, survived and become the fittest and most successful anís in the Spanish market and possibly the world. We hope this paper will contribute a new useful metaphor for the teaching of
biological evolution. 相似文献
125.
David Ampuero Christian E. Miranda Luisa E. Delgado Samantha Goyen Sean Weaver 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2013,13(1):64-78
The present study explores the outcomes of teaching empathy and critical thinking to solve environmental problems. This investigation was done throughout the duration of an environmental education course within a primary school located in central Chile. A community-based research methodology was used to understand the formation of empathy and critical thinking. The findings reveal a significant benefit in using empathy strategies to engage students regarding the thinking processes involved with solving environmental problems. Using these elements as teaching techniques for environmental education courses can be very helpful in reaching the aims of creating a sustainable citizenry. 相似文献
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Melvin M. Tumin 《Interchange》1970,1(3):96-109
Two case histories of efforts at educational evaluation—the Pennsylvania Evaluation of Quality Education and the Educational Testing Service Longitudinal Study of Head Start Programs—are considered here to illustrate a number of the major problems facing the field of evaluation. These include the perils of intuitionist holism and the matching dangers of psychometric trivialization; the strain between the hyper-enthusiasm of the politics of educational reform and the inherent restraint of scientific evidence regarding alternatives. A third case study of an attempt to institue Advanced Placement Tests in Art studies, designed to legitimate art as a hard subject, suggests a range of possible negative consequences that arise from attempting to introduce structured evaluation too early and too uniformly in an unstructured and variegated field. The results of a two-year effort at devising a model for measuring and comparing the effectivencess of educational systems are reported, indicating significant but instructive failure. A number of the major lessons learned during that effort are recited. indicating, overall, the importance of treating evaluation as a transactive process that must be weaned through varius evolutionary stages into full productivity.
Visiting Research Sociologist, Educational Testing Service
This paper was deliverd as a seminar to the General Staff of Educational Testing Service. 相似文献
Résumé L'auteur examine deux cas où on a fait des tentatives à l'évaluation éducationnelle; il traite de ces deux exemples—Pennsylvania Evaluation of Quality Education et Educational Testing Service Longitudinal Study of Head Start Programs—afin d'illustrer les problèmes principaux de l'évaluation. Ces problèmes incluent les dangers du holism et les dangers correspondants de la banalité psychométrique, et la tension entre l'enthusiasme de la politique de la réforme éducationnelle et la contrainte inhérente à l'évidence scientifique concernant les alternatives. Un troisième exemple d'une tentative à instituer des études qui s'appellentAdvanced Placement Tests in Art, et destinées à légitimer l'art comme un sujet concret, suggère qu'il y a la possibilité des conséquences négatives si on essaie d'introduire l'évaluation structurée trop tôt dans un sujet nonstructuré et varié. L'auteur fait un rapport sur les résultants d'un projet de deux ans le but duquel était d'arriver à un modèle pour mesurer et mettre en conmparaison l'efficacité des systèmes éducationnels; ces résultats montrent un échec significatif mais instructif. On relate les leçons principales de cet effort-là qui indiquent qu'il faut considérer l'évaluation comme un procès transactif; l'évaluation doit subir plusieurs phases d'évolution avant d'atteindre sa pleine productivité.
Visiting Research Sociologist, Educational Testing Service
This paper was deliverd as a seminar to the General Staff of Educational Testing Service. 相似文献
128.
This study examined the effect of black family structure on the perceived social climate as measured by the Family Environment Scale. The 64 black families were selected to fill the four cells of a 2 × 2 factorial design of 1- versus 2-parent black families by grandmother residing in the home of the family versus living 10 or more miles away. The family climate was significantly different among the four family structures and between this sample and the normative sample of Moos and his associates. No significant differences were found among the family structures on their Family Incongruence scores. The subscale scores of this black sample were similar to the scores of other black and partly black samples. These results suggest that black families are not a homogeneous group, but rather different black family structures are associated with different family climates. Further research is needed to understand the impact family climate has on child-rearing practices and child outcomes within these diverse family structures. 相似文献
129.
This study examined the development of joint attention in 95 infants assessed between 9 and 18 months of age. Infants displayed significant test-retest reliability on measures of following gaze and gestures (responding to joint attention, RJA) and in their use of eye contact to establish social attention coordination (initiating joint attention, IJA). Infants displayed a linear, increasing pattern of age-related growth on most joint attention measures. However, IJA was characterized by a significant cubic developmental pattern. Infants with different rates of cognitive development exhibited different frequencies of joint attention acts at each age, but did not exhibit different age-related patterns of development. Finally, 12-month RJA and 18-month IJA predicted 24-month language after controlling for general aspects of cognitive development. 相似文献
130.