Teachers as readers: building communities of readers

Given the narrow scope of primary teachers' knowledge and use of children's literature identified in Phase I of Teachers as Readers (2006–2007), the core goal of the Phase II project was to improve teachers' knowledge and experience of such literature in order to help them increase children's motivation and enthusiasm for reading, especially those less successful in literacy. The year‐long Phase II project, Teachers as Readers: Building Communities of Readers, which was undertaken in five Local Authorities (LAs) in England, also sought to build new relationships with parents and families and to explore the concept of a “Reading Teacher (RT): a teacher who reads and a reader who teaches” (Commeyras and colleagues). The research design was multilayered; involving data collection at individual, school and LA levels, and using a range of quantitative and qualitative data research methods and tools. This paper provides an overview of the Phase II research. It suggests that teachers need support if they are to develop children's reading for pleasure, and enhance their involvement as socially engaged and self‐motivated readers.     

A contribution to the chemistry of the edible domestic birds

The chemical composition of the eggs of the duck and the goose has been determined, and their nutrient value has been calculated.The chemical composition of the abdominal adipose tissue of the turkey and the goose has been reported.The fat constants have been determined for the visceral fat of the turkey and the goose, the subcutaneous fat of the goose, and the egg-yolk fat of the goose and the duck.     

Recent progress in the chemistry of the sugars

This paper reviews the work of Emil Fischer upon sugars and ferments. The synthesis of monoses, disaccharides and glucosides are described. The fermentation of the sugars and the action of the various inverting enzymes are discussed, as is also the lock-and-key theory of enzyme action. The splitting of racemic sugar derivatives into their active components, and asymmetric syntheses within the sugar group are also considered.