东罗马帝国得以延续的原因分析

罗马帝国经济重心的转移，是东罗马帝国延续的基础和内在必然性；罗马化中心的转移，是东罗马得以延续的深厚化潜能和动力；统治的政策调整，是东罗马避开险滩、摆脱危机的有效途径。此三方面的综合作用，是东罗马延续千年之久的主要原因。     

Quality early childhood education in Costa Rica? Policy,practice, outcomes and challenges

High‐quality early childhood education has been shown to improve school outcomes in several developing and developed nations. The history of policy around pre‐school education in Costa Rica is described as background to presenting cross‐sectional data on the emergent literacy skills of low‐income Costa Rican children in kindergarten, 1st and 2nd grade from six schools (n?=?335). These data suggest that Costa Rican children show rather limited emergent literacy knowledge at the end of kindergarten. In addition, instruction in nine kindergarten classrooms is described and evaluated in order to provide vignettes of educational practice. The need for developmentally appropriate practice around emergent literacy skills and articulation with 1st grade is discussed and appropriate professional development is called for.     

试论WTO规则对我国行政诉讼制度建设的影响

加入WTO必将对我国的行政诉讼制度产生深刻的影响。我国已建立的行政诉讼制度为我国加入WTO提供了良好的平台，但在行政诉讼的司法审查范围、司法审查原则以及法律适用程序规范依据等方面与WTO规则要求相比还有较大差距。及时修订和完善行政诉讼制度，以应对加入WTO的需要，具有十分重要的现实意义。     

“伏羲文化”与“李氏文化”的关系

“伏羲文化”与“李氏文化”同为陇右文化之大宗 ,二者实有较为密切之关系 ,但至今尚未见有人予以明确揭示。找出二者的契合点 ,对于“伏羲文化”与“李氏文化” (尤其是后者 )的研究走向深入 ,对于旅游事业的深入开展 ,都具有积极的意义。而二者的契合点在于虎图腾。换言之 ,李氏文化应源出于以虎图腾为中心的伏羲文化。     

Model conversion and digital redesign of singular systems

Design procedures are proposed for model conversion and digital redesign of a singular system, which is controllable at finite and impulsive modes. In order to attain a standard regular problem, we use some techniques to decompose the singular system into a reduced-order regular subsystem and a nondynamic subsystem. As a result, some well-known design methodologies for a regular system can be applied to the reduced-order regular subsystem. Finally, we transform the results obtained back to those of the original coordinate system.     

Anticoagulation therapy in intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation: Does IABP really need anti-coagulation?

Objective: To investigate if intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP) is contraindicated without anticoagulation therapy. Methods: Some 153 IABP patients in the King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center(KSA) were randomly assigned into two groups. Anticoagulation group (Group A) consisted of 71 patients who were given heparin intravenously with target aPTT50–70 seconds. Non-anticoagulation group (Group B) consisted of 82 patients without intravenous heparin during balloon pumping. Hematological parameters including platelet count, D-dimer, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were checked respectively at the point of baseline, 24 hours, 48 hours and 24 hours post IABP counterpulsation. Clot deposits on balloon surface, vascular complications from IABP including bleeding and limb ischemia were recorded. Results: Platelet count and PAI-1 level decreased at 24 hours and 48 hours in both groups (P<0.05). D-dimer dimer and FDP level increased at 24 hours and 48 hours in both groups(P<0.05), but returned to the baseline level 24 hours post IABP removal (P>0.05). Three patients in Group A and 2 patients in Group B developed minor limb ischemia (P>0.05). No major limb ischemia in either group. Two patients in Group A suffered major bleeding and required blood transfusion or surgical intervention, whereas no patient had major bleeding in Group B. Eight patients had minor bleeding in Group A, but only 2 patients in Group B (P<0.05). No clot deposit developed on IABP surface in either group. Conclusion: IABP is safe without routine anticoagulation therapy. Selecting appropriate artery approach and early detection intervention are key methods for preventing complications.     

Nontraditional Students' Service Needs and Social Support Resources: A Pilot Study

In response to a mail survey, 53 nontraditional undergraduates provided information about their reasons for reentering college, the likelihood of using services for nontraditional students, and sources of social support. Participants reported career, self‐improvement, and family issues as primary reasons for reentry. They reported they would be likely or very likely to use campus services, especially career counseling. More than 60% reported strong social support from family and friends.     

高等教育国际化及其思考

高等教育国际化是经济、科技、信息等全球化的必然结果。高等教育国际化：一方面，有利于提高我国高等教育水平；另一方面，也会给我国高等教育的发展带来系列问题。如何趋利避害，是在全球化背景下高等教育国际化进程中必须认真研究的课题。