Cognitive apprenticeship and its application to the teaching of Smalltalk in a multimedia interactive learning environment

With the rise of the situated cognition paradigm in cognitive science, cognitive apprenticeship has become increasingly prominent as a model of instruction. This paper critically reviews traditional approaches to learning and education to motivate the need for fresh ways of thinking about these topics. Cognitive apprenticeship as an approach to improving learning and education is described. We present an overview ofSmallTALKER, a learning environment for Smalltalk programming, and illustrate how the instructional methods of cognitive apprenticeship have been applied in developing that system. The paper concludes with a discussion of issues related to system development effort, evaluation, perceived limitations, and plans for related work.     

惩防腐败关键在基层党组织

基层党组织是党的全部工作和战斗力的基础,是惩防腐败的关键。一些地方和部门消极腐败现象之所以屡禁不止,甚至日趋严重,主要原因是其基层党组织战斗堡垒作用的缺失。当前,基层党组织战斗堡垒作用存在若干主要问题,加强其建设非常重要;必须以科学发展观为指导加强基层党组织建设以发挥其战斗堡垒作用。     

Organizational Responses to Consumer Complaints: An Examination of Effective Remediation Tactics

Mistakes are common in business and can lead to negative repercussions for organizations. However, through the use of explanations, firms can diminish the negative consequences of their errors. The current study used a field stimulation to examine organizational explanations (excuses, justifications, and excuses) and their components (believable, appropriate, considerate, and responsible) to determine which factors make a difference in consumer satisfaction following organizational failures. Results, interpreted through the lens of expectancy violations theory, suggest that various components of explanations and the form of explanations used in remedial responses influence people's perceptions of organizations and organizational responses following complaints about failures.     

Multicultural early childhood education: practices and challenges in Malaysia

Multicultural early childhood education is necessary in a culturally diverse country like Malaysia. Preschool teachers play an important role in implementing multicultural education in the classroom. This paper reports the findings of a self-report questionnaire involving 854 preschool teachers in Malaysia. The preschool teachers disclosed their current multicultural education practices as well as the challenges they encountered when implementing multicultural education. While the majority of teachers claimed that they implemented multicultural education, a closer examination revealed that most of them used the tourist or contribution approach which focuses on only the outward manifestations of a culture when dealing with multicultural education. The transformation or anti-bias approach was used by only a small number of teachers. The teachers identified some challenges in multicultural education implementation, such as lack of instructional resources and the lack of stakeholder support. Thus, it is important to ensure teachers develop more critical understandings of multicultural education through teacher education training and programs. Other efforts to help teachers overcome challenges in implementing multicultural education include producing and developing more instructional materials and learning aids, which are suitable for young children and appropriate for the local context. Preschool teachers also need stakeholders to give more support and to acknowledge the importance of implementing multicultural early childhood education.     

公路货运量长期预测的类别分析模型

本文探讨了预测方法对运输量长期预测质量的影响及质量控制问题;将类别分析模型应用于公路运输量长期预测,对于确定增长类型(转折点)预测、提高长期预测质量具有较好的效果。并结合广西河池地区的实际情况将类别分析模型作了运用。     

万历矿税大兴起止时间考

《明史》卷237记载明神宗万历年间矿税大兴的起止时间是万历二十四年至三十三年。经本考证,开始的具体时间应为万历二十四年六月,罢除时间则是万历四十八年七月。     

REEARCH REPORT

This paper addresses the concept of geological time as used by students who face tasks that demand three types of skills: to locate events in time, to order them according to time calendar, and to manage time intervals. The empirical study consisted of asking high school students as well as technical school students to carry out tasks that required the use of the three previously mentioned components. It was found, first, that students frequently used erroneous temporal labels, which shows a lack of knowledge that would allow them to locate events within the context of geobiologic data. Second, the students did not store the representation of a succession of events, but were nevertheless able to create it by means of the deductive use of previous knowledge. Finally, the importance of having an appropriate representation of geological time intervals became patent while observing the students' difficulties in understanding geologic changes.     

大学生科技创新高端引领与实践范例

研究型大学如何开展精英教育是当前教育研究热点。总结了示范中心多年来开展学生科技创新工作的经验,针对普遍存在的大学生创新活动长期在低水平徘徊的现状,探讨如何引领本科生开展高水平创新活动,为高素质、精英型人才脱颖而出创造有利条件。     

集成化管理系统在合并高校图书馆的应用

结合“汇文”系统在扬大图书馆的成功运行及使用,讨论合并高校图书馆系统运行模式,并对其出现的问题提出解决方案。     

从人力资源的角度看主持人管理的创新

主持人是广播电视机构中各类人力资源中最重要的资源之一,是广播电视媒体的形象与品牌构成中显著指标。近20年来,我国的广播电视节目越来越丰富,主持人的队伍急剧膨胀。目前,播音员主持人的数量已增加到了30000多名。以上海广播电视为例,1980年代中期仅有4个广播频率,播音员主持人不超过28人(包括6名沪语播音员);2个电视频道,播音员主持人不超过5人。到了1990年代末受