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61.
In two experiments, participants acquired one of two target configural discriminations (a biconditional or negative patterning
discrimination) in a predictive learning task. In Experiment 1, participants were pretrained with either a configural or an
elemental discrimination; in Experiment 2, they were pretrained with a configural discrimination, an elemental discrimination,
or a control discrimination that was not expected to bias them toward elemental or configural processing. In both experiments,
acquisition of the target configural discriminations was faster after configural pretraining than after elemental pretraining.
In addition, the negative patterning discrimination was acquired faster than the biconditional discrimination. Finally, the
results of Experiment 2 were more consistent with the notion that elemental pretraining hindered acquisition of the target
discriminations than with the notion that configural pretraining enhanced their acquisition. Implications of these findings
are discussed. 相似文献
62.
The practice of adoption, though long accepted as a social phenomenon, is only recently gaining popularity in India. Due to the paucity of adequate follow-ups, evaluation of these adopted children is incomplete. For the purpose of studying the well-being of these children after adoption, they were followed-up at the various places, i.e., orphanages, institutions, juvenile courts and adoption agencies, responsible for their care. One hundred sixty children, 63 boys and 97 girls, adopted from an orphanage in the vicinity of our hospital over a period of 13 years are included in this study. There were 104 local and 56 foreign adoptions. Due to sociocultural background in Indian adoptions, males were preferred; whereas the international adoptions mostly depended on human considerations without any specific preference for the sex of the child. On follow-up, all children except three were reported to be physically healthy and well-adjusted emotionally in the new family, and well accepted by the society. Although adoption is not the only solution for an abandoned child, it may open some avenues for the betterment of socially deserted and deprived children. 相似文献
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64.
K. N. Dave B. N. Dave F. R. Billimoria M. N. Mehta N. K. Hase 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1990,5(2):135-138
Total acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was estimated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using colorimetric method in 64 cases
with tuberculous meningitis, (TBM) (n=64), pyogenic meningitis (PM) (n=60) and in controls (n=39) of paediatric age group.
Mean CSF—AChE values of both TBM and PM were significantly higher when compared with controls (p<0.001) but no significant
change between TBM and PM was observed (p<0.01). It is suggested that inflammation of meninges due to the infection may attribute
to a change in the function of blood brain barrier (BBB) causing higher CSF—AChE values in these diseases. 相似文献
65.
Colleen K. Vesely Elizabeth Levine Brown Swati Mehta 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2017,38(3):242-258
Research calls for teacher education to prepare early childhood educators for the needs of diverse and marginalized young children and their families in the U.S. With an increasing cultural divide between teachers and students, some early childhood educators may demonstrate limited understanding for how diverse cultural, linguistic, racial, and socioeconomic backgrounds inform the daily functions of families of young children. In this article, we examine how the use of experiential learning vis-à-vis conducting a home visit with a family from a diverse and marginalized background can shape early childhood preservice teachers’ (PST) development of cultural humility, an important component of cultural competence. During this experiential learning, PSTs engaged in critically reflective practices to uncover and challenge their implicit biases. While discovering the strengths and challenges among their home visit families, PSTs also learned what they had in common with the families. PSTs noted how the home visit process informed their work as future early childhood educators. 相似文献
66.
Because the feedback children and adolescents receive is important to their development, 2 experimental studies were designed to examine children's (M = 12 years) and adolescents' (M = 17 years) active selection of the quality of feedback they wish to receive. In both studies evidence emerged that participants' self-perceptions influence their feedback seeking. Participants with positive self-perceptions sought more positive feedback than participants with negative self-perceptions and sought more positive feedback than expected by chance. Participants with negative self-perceptions lacked this tendency to seek positive feedback and sometimes sought less positive feedback than expected by chance. As expected, depression and attachment-related measures were also associated with participants' feedback seeking. Contributions of feedback-seeking patterns to stability and change in children's and adolescents' development are discussed. 相似文献
67.
Kushalnagar P Krull K Hannay J Mehta P Caudle S Oghalai J 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2007,12(3):335-349
Cognitive ability and behavioral adaptability are distinct, yet related, constructs that can impact childhood development. Both are often reduced in deaf children of hearing parents who do not provide sufficient language and communication access. Additionally, parental depression is commonly observed due to parent-child communication difficulties that can lead to parents' feelings of inadequacy and frustration. We sought to assess whether adaptive behavior in deaf children was associated with nonverbal intelligence and parental depression. Parents of precochlear implant patients seen for neuropsychological assessment were administered the Parenting Stress Index and Vineland Behavior Adaptive Scales to obtain measures of parental distress and child's behavioral adaptability. Precochlear implant patients' cognitive functioning was assessed via the Mullen Scales of Early Learning or the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised, depending on the child's age at the time of testing. Regardless of age or neurological status, the deaf child's adaptive behavior consistently showed a strong relationship with intelligence. Moderate correlation between parental depression and the child's adaptive behavior was observed only in the younger group. The relationship between parental depression and communication subscale was moderated by intelligence for deaf children without neurological complications. The findings provide important implications for promoting family-centered interventions with early communication and language development. 相似文献
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69.
Michael D. Mehta Eric Darier 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):107-116
Current interest in the electronic highway is the latest expression of a technotopia that is about to resolutely tilt Western contemporary society into postmodernity, or at least into virtual modernity. The enthusiasm for the electronic highway is already having numerous 'power effects' (Burchell et al., 1991). One of these effects is to radically intensify modern forms of power in a new regime we call electronic governmentality. This article examines these effects by drawing on examples from the Internet, and demonstrates how this communication and information infrastructure challenges some of our most tightly held beliefs about progress, technology, and power. 相似文献