技术知识的跨领域应用及潜在技术方案的识别

[目的/意义]针对企业实施技术创新战略时所面临的技术发展趋势不明朗、技术瓶颈难以突破的问题,提出一种跨领域寻找潜在技术方案的研究方法,引导企业利用跨领域研究方法解决复杂技术问题,保证技术创新的顺利进行。[方法/过程]以知识在技术领域间的流动为切入点,引入语义TRIZ中的知识发现理论,将专利摘要中抽取的SAO结构分别与P&S主题、技术领域进行匹配,绘制技术地图,描述技术知识跨领域应用现状,识别潜在技术方案。[结果/结论]以3D生物打印技术为例进行的实证分析表明,随着技术的不断发展,技术问题和技术方案的种类不断增加,技术问题在追加技术领域中的分布较为分散,而技术方案在主要技术领域中的分布更为集中。识别出的潜在技术方案具有一定的合理性和可靠性,可为企业技术创新活动的顺利进行提供更为清晰的指导和决策支持。     

Global dimension of weak smash product

INTRODUCTION In (Auslander, 1995), the author established the relationship of homological dimension between skew group algebra ΛG and Λ. Recall from Corollary 4.7 and Corollary 4.10 in (Auslander, 1995) that gl.dim(ΛG)=gl.dim(Λ) where ΛG is a skew group algebra with the order of G invertible in Λ. Recently, more and more mathematicians have studied homological dimension for Hopf algebra. Yang (2002) gave the relationship of homological dimension between smash product algebra A#H…     

高校实施创新教育探索

文章从培养大学生创新能力角度出发,提出了高校应从改变传统教学模式、营造开放课堂气氛、改变传统的对教师及学生的评价观、优化课程设计及设立科研学分等几方面出发,培养顺应时代发展要求的具有创新能力的人才.     

基于条件随机场的学术期刊中理论的自动识别方法

[目的/意义]从学术期刊中抽取其中的理论是对文献进行内容分析的前提,实现理论名称识别的自动化可以提高内容分析的效率。[方法/过程]将理论识别视为一类命名实体识别问题,总结现有的命名实体识别的常用方法,提出一个基于语义泛化思想的命名实体识别方法,选取词性、知网义原等外部知识,采用CRF模型对《情报学报》1822篇论文的标题和摘要进行实验。[结果/结论]实验表明,识别准确率最高达到95.38%,但召回率较低;训练语料规模对性能影响较大,不同程度的语义泛化方法对准确率和召回率有复杂影响。如何选择语义特征、语义标注和语义消歧是需要解决的新问题。     

发展性语文教学评价探析

发展性语文教学具有评价功能的发展性、评价内容的综合性、评价主体的多元性和评价方式的灵活性等特点.实施发展性语文教学评价应该定性评价与定量评价并举,更重视定性评价;终结性评价与形成性评价并重,更强调形成性评价;常模参照评价与个体内差异评价相结合,更注意强化个体内差异评价.     

以人拟艺:中国传统美学的独特视野

中国传统特殊的地域文化、农业文明与“天人合一”的思想观念孕育了体现出生命美学特色的中国传统美学 ,其突出特征就是将艺术看作是人的主体生命的对象化 ,以人拟艺 ,并由此而产生了中国传统美学思想中一系列的重要的美学范畴、美学命题与美学学说 ,既显示出中国传统美学的鲜明特征 ,又体现出中国传统美学的独特价值。     

语用失误及其对英语教学的启示

本文考察了语用失误的研究情况.作者从更宽的层面进一步讨论了“什么是语用失误”,指出了语用失误形成的原因.最后,作者指出,在英语教学中,引入语用学理论,培养学生的语用能力对提高学习者的交际能力是重要的和必要的.     

In pursuit of becoming a senior coach: the learning culture for Australian Football League coaches

Background and Purpose: Given the turbulent and highly contested environment in which professional coaches work, a prime concern to coach developers is how coaches learn their craft. Understanding the learning and development of senior coaches (SCs) and assistant coaches (ACs) in the Australian Football League (AFL – the peak organisation for Australian Rules Football) is important to better develop the next generation of performance coaches. Hence the focus of this research was to examine the learning of SC and AC in the AFL. Fundamental to this research was an understanding that the AFL and each club within the league be regarded as learning organisations and workplaces with their own learning cultures where learning takes place. The purpose of this paper was to examine the learning culture for AFL coaches.

Method: Five SCs, 6 ACs, and 5 administrators (4 of whom were former coaches) at 11 of the 16 AFL clubs were recruited for the research project. First, demographic data were collected for each participant (e.g. age, playing and coaching experience, development and coach development activities). Second, all participants were involved in one semi-structured interview of between 45 and 90 minutes duration. An interpretative (hierarchical content) analysis of the interview data was conducted to identify key emergent themes.

Results: Learning was central to AFL coaches becoming a SC. Nevertheless, coaches reported a sense of isolation and a lack of support in developing their craft within their particular learning culture. These coaches developed a unique dynamic social network (DSN) that involved episodic contact with a number of respected confidantes often from diverse fields (used here in the Bourdieuian sense) in developing their coaching craft. Although there were some opportunities in their workplace, much of their learning was unmediated by others, underscoring the importance of their agentic engagement in limited workplace affordances.

Conclusion: The variety of people accessed for the purposes of learning (often beyond the immediate workplace) and the long time taken to establish networks of supporters meant that a new way of describing the social networks of AFL coaches was needed; DSN. However, despite the acknowledged utility of learning from others, all coaches reported some sense of isolation in their learning. The sense of isolation brought about by professional volatility in high-performance Australian Football offers an alternative view on Hodkinson, Biesta and James' attempt in overcoming dualisms in learning.     

旅游对民族旅游地文化影响探析

跨学科研究是旅游研究中一种重要的手段,文章从社会学、传播学和旅游学三角度出发,主要就跨民族文化传播、文化冲突和文化控制三方面,分析了民族旅游目的地因旅游产生的正、负影响,进而提出了加强法制建设、加强教育、加强舆论导向和发挥群体作用等具体措施,以图促进民族旅游的健康发展和民族旅游目的地文化的进步.     

浅圆仓侧压力分析

Rankine理论和Coulomb理论均不适合用于浅圆仓的侧压力计算. 基于此, 本文研究了浅圆仓散料侧压力的实际分布规律及计算方法. 根据极限平衡理论, 首先得到散粒体作用在单位周长的仓壁上的合压力, 然后通过严格的数学推导, 得到浅圆仓侧压力的分布规律. 结果表明, 本文结果与实仓试验结果相符, 说明本文公式不论对平堆还是锥堆都比较适合, 而Rankine理论和Coulomb理论用于浅圆仓均有缺陷.