科技人力资本视角下杰青科学家资助年龄对资助效果的影响——以杰青基金地球科学项目为例

[目的/意义] 杰青基金实施25年来，资助者年龄呈大龄化趋势发展，深入分析该现象对完成杰青基金的影响，对未来杰青基金管理具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 研究以1994-2018年杰青基金地球科学项目为研究对象，构建科研论文产出效率、创新能力和学术影响力三个评价指标，提出"科技人力资本投入-科研产出"理论模型及假设，采用DID模型克服样本选择性偏误所导致的内生性问题，验证理论假设，实现对杰青基金资助年龄异质性的研究。[结果/结论] 实证结果表明：杰青科学家大龄化趋势日趋严重，存在明显的45岁现象；杰青基金实施20年中，支持"资助年龄越大，资助效应越好"假设的比例较低；三个评价指标维度，资助效应最大且资助年龄在39-42岁之间的年份在杰青基金实施20年中所占比例最大。因此，无论从杰青基金设立宗旨、还是从评估结果来看，都应该避免杰青科学家大龄化趋势，扩大对中低龄优秀青年人才的资助。     

Dissecting through Barriers: A Follow-up Study on the Long-Term Effects of Interprofessional Education in a Dissection Course with Healthcare Professional Students

Several studies have shown significant improvements in the attitudes and perceptions of healthcare professional students toward interprofessional education (IPE) immediately following intervention with IPE courses. However, there remains little evidence on the lasting effects of IPE courses and the long-term influences of these IPE experiences are poorly documented. The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term effects of an intensive, ten-week interprofessional gross anatomy dissection course at McMaster University. Attitudes and perceptions of past participants towards interprofessional learning were evaluated, now that they have started working with other healthcare professionals outside of the IPE course setting. Thirty-four past participants who have clinical experience working in interprofessional settings or are currently working in the healthcare field completed a follow-up questionnaire consisting of a modified Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) and open-ended questions. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant decrease in their attitude towards teamwork and collaboration and respect for other health professions, but a significant improvement in their understanding of roles and responsibilities compared to their results immediately after the IPE intervention. Qualitative analysis of open-ended questions revealed several themes such as developing interprofessional competencies, developing relationships, and remembering the strengths of the IPE dissection course. The results of this study indicate that the IPE experience in anatomy was highly valued by the students and that past participants maintain a clear understanding of their scope of practice, but the reality of clinical practice may have eroded gains made in the program. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.     

音乐融入高等院校太极拳教学中的价值与方法探析

音乐与运动已经成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。在高校公共体育课教学中,如何将运动与音乐完美的结合,是值得相关教学工作者进一步关注与思考的问题。本文选取太极拳教学作为研究案例,有目的、有步骤地将不同音乐素材巧妙地融入到“三段式”体育教学结构中的准备部分、基本部分和结束部分。以期提高教学质量和学习效果,为我国高等院校太极拳课程的建设提供参考依据。     

Understanding the topic evolution of scientific literatures like an evolving city: Using Google Word2Vec model and spatial autocorrelation analysis

Topic evolution has been described by many approaches from a macro level to a detail level, by extracting topic dynamics from text in literature and other media types. However, why the evolution happens is less studied. In this paper, we focus on whether and how the keyword semantics can invoke or affect the topic evolution. We assume that the semantic relatedness among the keywords can affect topic popularity during literature surveying and citing process, thus invoking evolution. However, the assumption is needed to be confirmed in an approach that fully considers the semantic interactions among topics. Traditional topic evolution analyses in scientometric domains cannot provide such support because of using limited semantic meanings. To address this problem, we apply the Google Word2Vec, a deep learning language model, to enhance the keywords with more complete semantic information. We further develop the semantic space as an urban geographic space. We analyze the topic evolution geographically using the measures of spatial autocorrelation, as if keywords are the changing lands in an evolving city. The keyword citations (keyword citation counts one when the paper containing this keyword obtains a citation) are used as an indicator of keyword popularity. Using the bibliographical datasets of the geographical natural hazard field, experimental results demonstrate that in some local areas, the popularity of keywords is affecting that of the surrounding keywords. However, there are no significant impacts on the evolution of all keywords. The spatial autocorrelation analysis identifies the interaction patterns (including High-High leading, High-Low suppressing) among the keywords in local areas. This approach can be regarded as an analyzing framework borrowed from geospatial modeling. Moreover, the prediction results in local areas are demonstrated to be more accurate if considering the spatial autocorrelations.     

Coupled matrix factorization and topic modeling for aspect mining

Aspect mining, which aims to extract ad hoc aspects from online reviews and predict rating or opinion on each aspect, can satisfy the personalized needs for evaluation of specific aspect on product quality. Recently, with the increase of related research, how to effectively integrate rating and review information has become the key issue for addressing this problem. Considering that matrix factorization is an effective tool for rating prediction and topic modeling is widely used for review processing, it is a natural idea to combine matrix factorization and topic modeling for aspect mining (or called aspect rating prediction). However, this idea faces several challenges on how to address suitable sharing factors, scale mismatch, and dependency relation of rating and review information. In this paper, we propose a novel model to effectively integrate Matrix factorization and Topic modeling for Aspect rating prediction (MaToAsp). To overcome the above challenges and ensure the performance, MaToAsp employs items as the sharing factors to combine matrix factorization and topic modeling, and introduces an interpretive preference probability to eliminate scale mismatch. In the hybrid model, we establish a dependency relation from ratings to sentiment terms in phrases. The experiments on two real datasets including Chinese Dianping and English Tripadvisor prove that MaToAsp not only obtains reasonable aspect identification but also achieves the best aspect rating prediction performance, compared to recent representative baselines.     

成功的体育盛会出色的宣传报道——北京奥运会宣传报道理念与基调评析

本文就北京奥运会宣传报道的理念与基调进行了分析,指出这一报道集中体现了“透明、真实、客观、宽容、理性和多元”等特点。     

从信息生态环境的视角看数字图书馆生态化建设

"信息生态"是从生态科学中移植出来的类比性概念.随着生态学和社会科学领域的不断融合,信息生态学为我们解决社会科学领域的诸多问题提供了全新的视角和解决问题的思路.文章在信息生态学理论的基础上,借助信息生态环境的视角来研究数字图书馆可持续发展问题.最后就如何加强数字图书馆的信息生态化建设提出了一些建议.     

我国计算机科学领域科研合作的计量学研究

文章利用文献计量学方法,对我国计算机科学领域中被sCI收录的国际论文,从科学家、机构和国家之间合作的角度进行了分析研究.以美国科学情报所(ISI)出版的Wen of Science数据库为统计源,依据ISI2005年出版的Journal Citation Reports (JCR)的期刊分类体系,选择了JCR中"computer science"学科为统计对象.对该学科下的350种期刊1996-2006年发表的,机构署名中包含有"Peoples R China"的论文进行了检索.通过统计分析发现,在计算机科学领域产生的国际论文中,多作者合作是主流的研究方式.合著发表论文的规模以2～4人为主,并保持扩大的趋势.相对于国内机构之间的合作,国际合作产生的论文在质量和影响方面都更为突出.     

评价动作神经过程和神经类型的方法及其指标的初步探讨

本文通过对健康男女青少年学生采用多功能的生理、心理测试仪器(DSG-6动作神经过程测试仪)的测试,进行了实验性研究,并选择几项主要指标,探讨一种新的评定神经类型方法的可能性．通过实验结果表明其测试指标可以作为评价集中注意力的能力、心理稳定性、协调能力、智力水平等心理素质和神经类型的一种方法,具有一定的科学性和简便易行的实用价值。     

试析语感研究的现状及存在的问题

从语感研究的现状看，关涉语感本身的理论问题得到了比较深入的研究，也取得了很多成果。同时，语感作为我国第八次课程改革《语文课程标准》的核心词汇之一，语感培养问题开始真正走进人们的思维视阈。由于现实上语感实践环节的研究相对薄弱，从而造成语感教学实践成为目前语感研究面临的最大问题，其中既包括语感教学实施也包括切合实际的语感评价指标体系建立。