冻伤的形成 治疗及预防

<正> 冻伤是冬季一种常见的皮肤病变,常因身体某些部位持久的受冻引起局部血液供应减少或停止,脉搏和呼吸变慢,血压和体温下降,使人体热平衡被打乱,失去御寒能力,从而形成冻伤。 冻伤易发生在面部、耳、鼻、手、脚等没有大血管分布,血液供应相对较少、皮下脂肪薄、保温差的地方。 冻伤按损害程度可分为三度:一度冻伤,受冻的皮肤先感到麻木,继之发肿发痒,此时若注意局部保暖,一周左右就会康复;二度冻伤,局部皮肤发生水疱或溃烂,但只限于表皮;三度冻伤,局部肌肉组织可能坏死,受冻皮肤先呈白色或青紫色,一两天后逐渐变黑并失     

以新课程的理念构建化学学习

新课程是以立足于学生适应现代生活和发展的需要,构建“知识与技能”“过程与方法”“情感态度与价值观”相融合的高中化学课程目标体系为基础的,它与旧课程相比,有着质的区别,新课程突出了学生的自主学习和探究,关注社会的发展,关注人与自然的和谐相处。因此对新课程的学习应有别于旧课程的学习,怎样在新课程的理念下建构化学的学习,是我们每个同学和教师必须要思考的问题。1以探究性学习为主要学习方式,使学习知识的过程成为内化为素质和能力的过程新课程的理念就是以培养学生的能力来构建学习的,学生能力的培养和形成,并不是教师讲授出来…     

青、老年人扩张型心肌病的临床研究

探讨老年人扩张型心肌病 ( DCM)的临床特征并与青年人 DCM进行比较 .通过临床观察对 80例老年人和 140例青年 DCM的临床资料进行对比分析 .结果发现 :( 1)老年组醛固酮值( 30 4 .8± 69.1)较青年组 ( 2 13.3± 54.5,pmol/ L)明显增高 ( P<0 .0 5) ,老年组 T3和 FT3值 ( 0 .78± 0 .2 1,2 .87± 0 .73)较青年组 ( 1.2 6± 0 .33nmol/ L ,3.55± 0 .64pmol/ L )明显降低 (均为 P<0 .0 1) ;( 2 )老年组室性心律失常发生率 ( 61.3% )较青年组 ( 92 .1% )低 ( P<0 .0 1) ;( 3)老年组低血钾、低血镁发生率高 (分别为 51.3%和 2 7.5% ) ,对洋地黄敏感性增加 ,易发生洋地黄中毒( 2 8.8% ) ;( 4 )老年组的病程 [( 11.0± 4 .7)年 ]和平均生存期 [( 6.9± 4 .2 )年 ]均较青年人 [( 5.2±2 .5)和 ( 3.4± 2 .7)年 ]长 (均为 P<0 .0 5) ;( 5)老年组的主要死因是充血性心力衰竭 ( 78.9% ) ,青年组则为恶性心律失常 ( 61.9% ) .结论为老年人 DCM的预后比青年人相对要好 ;老年人 DCM常伴低 T3综合征 ;心力衰竭、电解质失衡及交感神经兴奋是老年人 DCM室性心律失常的主要原因     

中师女生青春期卫生状况的调查

为了更好地对女生进行青春期卫生教育,笔者于1992年10月对本校90级女生进行了青春期卫生情况调查。一、对象和方法1、对象:本校90级一至三班女生,共53人。2、方法:采用不记名各自独立填写问卷。问卷内容有初潮的年龄,性知识的来源、月经期的心理状态和生理反应、月经期的卫生等。二、结果和分析1.月经初潮年龄(见表1)     

经导管射频消融术对心脏和心脏自主神经的急性期损伤

目的：为探讨经导管射频消融术对心脏和心脏自主神经的急性期损伤。方法：选择接受射频消融术的阵发性室上性心动过速病人120例，在术前，术后进行超氧化物歧化酶测定和心率变异性分析。结果：射频消融术后超氧化物歧化酶较术前明显增高（P＜0．01）；术后心率变异性的各项频域和时域指标均降低，但与超氧化物歧化酶变化无明显相关，结论：射频消融术对心脏和心脏自主神经的急性期损伤是存在的，但术后心率变异性的降低是由于射频电流损伤心脏迷走神经所致，与手术引起的心肌应激性损伤无关。     

一种研究经济系统中技术结构演化的新方法

本文定义了经济系统中技术结构的概念，指出报酬递增机制是形成某种特定技术结构的根源，着重分析讨论了一个描述这种技术结构演化的数学模型——非线性波利亚过程对它在研究实际技术结构演化和形成中的应用，并提示了其用于研究技术扩散问题的前景。     

论高技术产业的区位模式

本文首先简要回顾了德国工业区位学派的两种观点并将其用于说明高技术产业区位模式的成因，在此基础上分析了三种高技术产业区位模式的形成机制，并给出了一个统一的数学模型，从而对高技术产业区位模式的成因作出了精确的说明，最后讨论了其中的政策含义。     

介于产权规则和责任规则之间的知识产权集体管理组织

传统的法经济学理论认为,保护个人权利有两种替代的方式,即要么产权规则的保护要么责任规则的保护。本文在分析这两种保护方式在知识产权领域中的应用及其存在问题的基础上,考察了知识产权集体管理组织,指出这种新型的知识产权保护方式的有效性,来源于其介于产权规则和责任规则之间的性质,并揭示了其公共管理蕴含。     

Application of GlycoProtein IIb/IIIa antagonist( Integrilin) in peri-percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty and stent implantation in Chinese

Objective: to report the application of GPIIb/IIIa antagonist (Integrilin) in peri-percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty and stent implantation in Chinese. Method: Twenty-one patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty(PTCA) and stent implantation were included. After arterial puncture, integrilin was injected at dose of 180ug/kg, and then maintained at 2μg/kgmin for 18 hours. Asprine, plavix(clopidogrel) and heparin were used at the same time. ACT, PT, KPTT and blood routine were routinely monitored. Results: All sheaths were drawn out 2 to 4 hours after the procedure.. There was no severe complication such as hematoma, acute and subacute thrombosis in coronary artery, or thrombocytopenia. ACT returned to less than 150 seconds in 2 hours in 15 patients; in 4 hours in 6 patients. There was no significant difference between the pre- and post-procedure value of PT and platelet count. KPTT was significantly higher than pre-procedure value at 2 hours after the procedure .No recurrence of angina pectoris was observed in the first nine patients within one year follow-up, and no restenosis occurred in stents in the five patients who had coronary angiography one year later. Conclusion: Application of GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist (Integrilin) in peri-percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty and stent implantation in combination with aspirin and plavix could significantly reduce the dosage and duration of heparin with benefit of shortening the indwelling time of sheaths, but did not increase risk of bleeding or lead to thrombosis in stent.     

Polymorphisms in the genes for coagulation factor II,V, VII in patients undergoing coronary angiography

Objective: To determine whether polymorphisms in the genes for coagulation factor. II, V, VII could predispose an individual to increase risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or myocardial infarction (MI) in Chinese. Methods: We screened coagulation factor II(G20210A), V(G1691A), VII (R353Q and HVR4) genotype in 374 patients undergoing coronary angiography by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Results: The R353Q and HVR4 gemotype of the factor VII distribution was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequencies of FVII genotype or allele did not show statistically significant differences between CAD group and controls or between male and female. The frequencies of the Q allele and (RQ+QQ) genotype were significantly higher among the CAD patients without myocardial infarction (MI) history than among those with MI history (P<0.05). However, HVR4 polymorphism was not significantly different within groups. We only find one normal control of factorII (G20210A) mutation. No coagulation factor V(G1691A) mutation was found in the CAD patients and controls. Conclusion: The factor II(G20210A), V(G1691A) mutation is absent and may not be a major genetic factor for CAD and/or MI; the Q allele of the R353 Q polymorphism of the factor VII gene may be a protective genetic factor against myocardial infarction in Chinese. Project (No. 021103166) supported by a grant from the Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of Zhejiang Province, China