管理者要学会"积极等待"

在变幻莫测的市场上,一家公司的成败常常要看运气如何。动荡的市场蕴含着机遇,但对于企业管理者而言,机遇出现的时机、属性以及它们的重要程度,既无法预测,也无法控制。市场挑战也是如此。在这个竞争激烈的赌场上,有时候,做得好还不如运气好。领导一家公司进入迷雾般的未来是一项危险工作。然而,通过在相对平静时期的积极等待,管理者可以增加他们成功的概率。机遇偏爱有心人。在不可预知的市场中,好运气非常宝贵,不容错失。如果在重大机遇和威胁之间的平静期积极等待,管理者们将能够提高抓住时机的几率。越是成功的公司就越幸运过去6年里,我…     

社会工作专业人才流失原因及对策

通过生态系统理论视角分析了造成社会工作专业人才流失的宏观、中观和微观原因,并提出了相应的解决措施,以期为社会工作专业人才队伍建设提供一些合理化建议。     

文化对创业意图影响的比较分析

创业与创新在国内外都受到广泛的关注,但是关于创业精神的文化问题研究还较少。以Hofstede文化维度理论为基础,运用结构方程模型对中德学生群体进行对比分析,探讨了文化对于创业动机与意图的影响。     

基于MPOC的在线学习行为及影响因素研究

国家开放大学是国内规模最大的公立远程教育体系,以在线形式按照MPOC教学模式开展教学。探究学生在线学习行为特征及影响因素能够为管理部门优化在线教学提供大数据视角的决策参考。采集在线教学数据,结合访谈结果,以技术接受模型为理论支撑进行分析。结果显示,学生在线学习行为数保持一定水平,但在线时间偏少;有一定的社会性交互,但交互层次较低;学生注重课程考核,选课数量对学习效果有所影响。办学机构、课程类别对在线学习行为有显著性影响,教师在线教学行为是学生在线学习行为的最大影响因素。今后,需要从教师教学、基层办学机构教学管理、网络教学团队建设等方面着手,全面提升在线学习质量。     

新修订的《中华人民共和国职业教育法》的亮点与新意

<正>2022年4月,新修订的《中华人民共和国职业教育法》（以下简称新版《职业教育法》）经十三届全国人大常委会第三十四次会议表决通过,2022年5月1日起正式施行,这也是1996年的《职业教育法》颁布26年来首次大幅度修订,中国职教在历经“招不到好学生”“达不到好教学”“找不到好岗位”的多年“生存改革”中,终于否极泰来。“不破不立,破而后立”,新版《职业教育法》第一次站在法律的绝对高度,确认了职业教育、普通教育两者在教育地位上的一致性,明确了职业院校学生在升学、就业、择业等各个方面,与同阶段、同层次的普通学校学生享有同等机会,这意味着我们要办的是高质量且“有尊严”的职业教育。     

大学课程设计自学指南:如何设计课程以促进意义深远的学习(续)

作为大学老师,为了达到好的教学效果,我们必须能够做好两项活动,既要做好课程设计,又要做好师生互动。就这两项活动而言,我们的课程设计能力常常是制约因素。《创造意义深远的学习经历:大学课程整合设计方案》一书作者,美国奥克拉荷马大学教学发展项目部主任迪.芬克博士撰写了一份大学课程设计的自学指南,旨在给大家介绍一套系统有效的课程设计程式,帮助大家学会怎样进行课程设计。指南包括课程整合设计的三个主要阶段,每阶段包括开篇的介绍性评价,读者可以加以使用的工作簿,以及读者在课程设计过程中可以对自己提出的一些问题,以对自己的设计实践进行推敲。     

让我们更多地认识城市与城市研究(二)

本文是美国圣地亚哥大学教授詹姆斯·A·克莱普2008年4月在北京城市学院的演讲,演讲共三场。为便于读者全面地理解克莱普教授的演讲内容,全部演讲内容被编译成一篇。本文是根据演讲记录稿整理后,经克莱普教授本人审定英文稿编译。     

Imagery use by injured athletes: a qualitative analysis

The purpose of this study was to expand our knowledge and increase our understanding of imagery use by athletes in sport-injury rehabilitation using a qualitative approach. The participants were 10 injured athletes who were receiving physiotherapy at the time they were interviewed. During the interviews, the athletes provided extensive information about their use of imagery during injury rehabilitation and it was clear that they believed imagery served cognitive, motivational and healing purposes in effectively rehabilitating an injury. Cognitive imagery was used to learn and properly perform the rehabilitation exercises. They employed motivational imagery for goal setting (e.g. imagined being fully recovered) and to enhance mental toughness, help maintain concentration and foster a positive attitude. Imagery was used to manage pain. The methods they employed for controlling pain included using imagery to practise dealing with expected pain, using imagery as a distraction, imagining the pain dispersing, and using imagery to block the pain. With respect to what they imaged (i.e. the content of their imagery), they employed both visual and kinaesthetic imagery and their images tended to be positive and accurate. It was concluded that the implementation of imagery alongside physical rehabilitation should enhance the rehabilitation experience and, therefore, facilitate the recovery rates of injured athletes. Moreover, it was recommended that those responsible for the treatment of injured athletes (e.g. medical doctors, physiotherapists) should understand the benefits of imagery in athletic injury rehabilitation, since it is these practitioners who are in the best position to encourage injured athletes to use imagery.     

The energetics and benefit of an arm swing in submaximal and maximal vertical jump performance

The aims of this study were to investigate the energy build-up and dissipation mechanisms associated with using an arm swing in submaximal and maximal vertical jumping and to establish the energy benefit of this arm swing. Twenty adult males were asked to perform a series of submaximal and maximal vertical jumps while using an arm swing. Force, motion and electromyographic data were recorded during each performance and used to compute a range of kinematic and kinetic variables, including ankle, knee, hip, shoulder and elbow joint powers and work done. It was found that the energy benefit of using an arm swing appears to be closely related to the maximum kinetic energy of the arms during their downswing, and increases as jump height increases. As jump height increases, energy in the arms is built up by a greater range of motion at the shoulder and greater effort of the shoulder and elbow muscles but, as jump height approaches maximum, these sources are supplemented by energy supplied by the trunk due to its earlier extension in the movement. The kinetic energy developed by the arms is used to increase their potential energy at take-off but also to store and return energy from the lower limbs and to "pull" on the rest of the body. These latter two mechanisms become more important as jump height increases with the pull being the more important of the two. We conclude that an arm swing contributes to jump performance in submaximal as well as maximal jumping but the energy generation and dissipation sources change as performance approaches maximum.     

Effects of AM3 (Inmunoferon) on increased serum concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor receptors I and II in cyclists

The aims of this study were to examine the changes in plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines induced by training and competition in professional cyclists. We report the serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), tumour necrosis factor receptors I and II (TNFR-I and -II) in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial involving the administration of AM3 (Inmunoferon), an oral booster immunomodulator, or placebo to 16 professional cyclists (n = 8 in each group) for 65 consecutive days. Serum was collected just before treatment began (baseline), at the end of pre-competition training, before the mountain stage of the competition (60 days), 4 h after finishing this stage (62 days), and 18 h after the fifth and last day of competition (65 days). To determine the normal levels of cytokines and soluble TNF receptors, individual samples from 14 moderately trained healthy controls were studied. After 60 days of training, the serum concentrations of IL-6 did not differ significantly from those at the beginning of the study for either group of cyclists (placebo and AM3). A significant rise was seen in IL-6 concentrations in both the AM3 and placebo groups at 62 days, 4 h after finishing the mountain stage. The increase was significantly greater in the placebo group than in the AM3 group. At 65 days of treatment, 18 h after the fifth and last day of competition, IL-6 concentrations were similar to those recorded at the end of the training, but were significantly higher in the placebo group than in the AM3 group. At the end of training, serum TNFR-I concentrations in both groups of cyclists were significantly lower than at baseline. The concentrations of serum TNFR-I and -II both 4 h after finishing the mountain stage and 18 h after the fifth and last day of competition were significantly higher than those recorded after training in both groups. Professional cycling competition is associated with increases in serum IL-6 and TNFR-I and -II concentrations. Inmunoferon treatment reduced significantly the concentrations of IL-6 but not those of TNFR-I and -II.