我们从弯曲时空量子场论学到了什么?

弯曲时空量子场论经历了一段奇妙的历史。这样说,并不是指它的历史是独一无二的,我料想许多具有类似规模的科研领域都经历了同样的四个阶段。但在此模式上建立一种历史理论,我是没有足够的信心的。我的整个科学生涯主要倾注于弯曲时空量子场论这个课题。我注意到它经历了一些引人注目的事件,布莱斯·德·魏特(Bryce Dewiet)在其中扮演了一个重要角色。在宣称这些事件的重大意义之前,我不得不对这些事件的过程提供一个相当一己之见的说明。(如果读者是一个正在寻找学位论文题目的研究生,我极力劝他或她坚持到此文的末尾。)     

临床免疫学中的计算机

由于计算机诊断系统和临床实验数据库的开发,免疫学领域中的重要进展业已成为可能。目前正在精心研制的自动控制系统应能提供健康规划和监测的综合服务。     

千禧年的前景:女性、解放和身体--呼吁敏锐而不过于简单的分析

在对《时间的女儿:西方传统中的女性》和《解放女性的身体:鼓舞人心的偶像》两本书比较和分析的基础上,作者提醒人们注意在对现代娱乐、女性解放和权利之间的复杂关系进行讨论时,很容易成为一种严格二分法(妇女为受害者,男子为迫害者)的牺牲品;还要注意一种危险倾向,即男人退居幕后,成为女性的坚强后盾。二十一世纪的女性身体娱乐研究要抛弃过去消极、简单的二分法,代之以多元、复杂和细致的研究。     

饮食控制

有两组受试者,第一组受试者被要求在四种不同的情况下接受了3×50米速度游和一次50米固定牵引游试验;第二组受试者被要求在四种不同的情况下接受4×50米速度游试验。两组受试者的饮食采取计量登记的方法配给,血样采集的方法也相同。为了检验两组之间每一种从属变量的显著性差异,我们采用了单向方差分析的反复测试法。然后利用T试验确定哪对血样存在显著性差异。结果和讨论根据对本研究受试者的测试,我们获     

IDENTIFYING SCANVENGING EFFECTS OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON ACTIVE OXYGEN BY A NEW SYSTEM

ＩＤＥＮＴＩＦＹＩＮＧＳＣＡＮＶＥＮＧＩＮＧＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＡＮＴＩＯＸＩＤＡＮＴＳＯＮＡＣＴＩＶＥＯＸＹＧＥＮＢＹＡＮＥＷＳＹＳＴＥＭ￥ＭａＹａｏ；ＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｎｚｈｏｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ，ＧｒａｄｕａｔｅＳｃｈｏ...     

Conscientious workmen or booksellers' hacks? The professional identities of science writers in the mid-nineteenth century

Existing scholarship on the debates over expertise in mid-nineteenth-century Britain has demonstrated the importance of popular writings on the sciences to definitions of scientific authority. Yet while men of science might position themselves in opposition to the stereotype of the merely popular writer, the self-identity of the popular writer remained ambiguous. This essay examines the careers of William Charles Linnaeus Martin (1798-1864) and Thomas Milner (1808-ca. 1883) and places them in the context of others who made their living by writing works on the sciences for the general reader. Martin wrote on zoology and Milner moved between astronomy, geology, and geography. The essay unravels the close but ambivalent relationship between the professions of authorship and of science and highlights writing as another aspect of scientific practice. Both writers were moderately financially successful, but Martin's sense of failure and Milner's satisfaction reflect their contrasting images of their professional identity.     

“无中生有”的诀窍开拓了思维的新领域

将近一年前，我收到一封很长的信，其作者声称他发明了一种能凭空制造出某种东西的方法。对此我并不感到大惊小怪。毕竟，在我收到的提出这类有趣想法的来信中，总有那么些人的说法是令人难以置信的。但是，既然科学的基本精神在于要求人们有一个开放的(如果还不是完全通风的)头脑，我还是尽量设法一封不漏地阅读这类信件。     

Preschoolers' use of morphosyntactic cues to identify generic sentences: indefinite singular noun phrases, tense, and aspect

Generic sentences (e.g., "Birds lay eggs") convey generalizations about entire categories and may thus be an important source of knowledge for children. However, these sentences cannot be identified by a simple rule, requiring instead the integration of multiple cues. The present studies focused on 3- to 5-year-olds' (N = 91) use of morphosyntactic cues--in particular, on whether children can (a) interpret indefinite singular noun phrases (e.g., "a strawberry") as generic and (b) use a verb's tense and aspect (e.g., "A bat sleeps/slept/is sleeping upside down") to determine whether its subject noun phrase is generic. Children demonstrated sensitivity to both cues. Thus, solving the in-principle problem of identifying generics may not be beyond the reach of young children's comprehension skills.