Information, cooperation, and the blurring of boundaries – technology transfer in German and American discourses

The aim of this paper is to examine changing discursive conceptualizations of technology transfer mechanisms for speeding up innovation in Germany and the US since World War II with particular emphasis on universities. According to our analysis, the concepts of technology transfer are getting more and more complex, taking off from a linear model of innovation to a more complex model allowing for networking and entrepreneurial activities of the universities themselves. We suggest that the discourses in both countries can be framed employing three ideal-typical models: the information and documentation model, the cooperation model, and the blurring of boundaries model. In addition to these similarities, we also discuss differences that can be traced back to broader political cultures in which technology transfer is embedded. Both similarities and differences allow for a comparative perspective which is not limited to the countries analyzed here.     

Cross-linguistic analysis of vocabulary in young children: spanish, dutch, French, hebrew, italian, korean, and american english

The composition of young children's vocabularies in 7 contrasting linguistic communities was investigated. Mothers of 269 twenty-month-olds in Argentina, Belgium, France, Israel, Italy, the Republic of Korea, and the United States completed comparable vocabulary checklists for their children. In each language and vocabulary size grouping (except for children just learning to talk), children's vocabularies contained relatively greater proportions of nouns than other word classes. Each word class was consistently positively correlated with every other class in each language and for children with smaller and larger vocabularies. Noun prevalence in the vocabularies of young children and the merits of several theories that may account for this pattern are discussed.     

Communication History

NEW AND IMPROVED: THE STORY OF MASS MARKETING IN AMERICA by Richard S. Tedlow (New York: Basic Books, 1990—$24.95, ISBN 0-465-05023-9,481 pp.)

EDISON AND THE BUSINESS OF INNOVATION by Andre Millard (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990—$38.50, ISBN 0-8018-3306-X, 387 pp.)

COMPUTING BEFORE COMPUTERS edited by William Aspray (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1990—$27.95, ISBN 0-8138-0047-1, 276 pp.)

AMERICAN MASS-MARKET MAGAZINES edited by Alan Nourie and Barbara Nourie (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1990—$79.95, ISBN 0-313-25254-8, 624 pp.)

JOURNALISTIC STANDARDS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA by Hazel Dicken-Garcia (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989—$42.50/14.50, ISBN 0-299-12170-4 hard, 0-299-12174-7 soft, 342 pp.)

THE WATCHDOG CONCEPT: THE PRESS AND THE COURTS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA by Timothy W. Gleason (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1990—$21.95, ISBN 0-8138-0152-4, 160 pp.)

MUCKRAKING AND OBJECTIVITY: JOURNALISM'S COLLIDING TRADITIONS by Robert Miraldi (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1990—$39.95, ISBN 0-313-27298-0, 184 pp.)     

Do siblings influence one another? Unpacking processes that occur during sibling conflict

This study examined the extent to which 205 sibling dyads influenced each other during conflict. Data were collected between 2013 to 2015. The sample included 5.9% Black, 15.1% South Asian, 15.1% East Asian, and 63.8% White children. Older siblings were between 7–13 years old (Female = 109) and younger siblings were 5–9 years old (Female = 99). Siblings' conflict resolution was analyzed using dynamic structural equation modeling. Modeling fluctuations in moment-to-moment data (20-s intervals) allowed for a close approximation of causal influence. Older and younger siblings were found to influence one another. Younger sisters were more constructive than younger brothers, especially in sister–sister dyads. Sibling age gap predicted inertia in older siblings. Socialization processes within sibling relationships are discussed.