The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions

A quasi-evolutionary model of socio-technical transitions is described in which regimes face selection pressures continuously. Differentiated transition contexts determine the form and direction of regime change in response to these pressures. The articulation of pressures, and the degree to which responses are coordinated and based on resources available within the regime, define the transition context. Four alternative contexts are described: endogenous renewal; re-orientation of trajectories; emergent transformation and purposive transitions. Agency and power in the governance of regime transformation are analysed. Power to affect change depends on regime membership, the distribution of resources for change and expectations.     

Research on class size effects: a critique of methods and a way forward

Research findings on class size differences need to be examined carefully because of their far reaching pedagogical and resource implications. An examination of research on the possible causal effect of class size differences on pupil progress, and on possible mediating factors, also raises important issues for educational research in general. In this chapter critically different approaches to research on class size effects are reviewed and an approach used in current research at the Institute of Education, that seems most likely to inform this controversial topic is described. Researchers need to pay more attention to providing a more reliable and valid measure of class size itself. In keeping with the bulk of research in this area the emphasis is on quantitative approaches, although possible limitations and alternative research approaches are considered. Limitations of earlier cross sectional research are examined, and the well-known STAR research is used to highlight some limitations of experimental designs. Finally, the advantages of longitudinal research, using multi-level modelling techniques, are examined.     

Teaching [and] Historical Understanding: Disciplining Historical Imagination with Historical Context

The form, content, and practice of history has shifted including changes in conceptualization and practice that came in viewing history as social science, critiques and reconstructions of historical forms of knowledge, and debates about form, format, genre, and discourse. The central argument of this essay begins with the claim that history is a distinctive discipline. It's distinction lies not only, or even primarily, in its subject matter or materials. Rather, history is distinct as a form of inquiry and mode of understanding, with distinguishing characteristics of historical context and historical imagination. Important implications follow.     

印刷企业积极进取的力量

Julie：在过去的几周里,美国和世界金融市场经历了非常困难的时期。世界上一些大型的银行机构和投资公司纷纷破产或由政府接管。在未来的几周里,世界各地可能会有更多的金融公司带来更多的坏消息。许多金融专家们对世界经济充满沮丧和悲观的情绪。     

Conduct disorder and comorbidity

Conduct Disorder (CD) research is focusing on complex issues introduced by comorbidity because of its widespread existence, thoeretical importance and practical significance. This review provides critical examination of research published during the past ten years addressing CD and its comorbid conditions, specifically Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and internalizing disorders. It is concluded that comorbidity varies with age, gender, informant, diagnostic criteria, and nature of the sample (clinical vs. epidemiological). Implications of comorbidity for etiology, diagnosis, treatment, law, and policy and preventive efforts in work with children and adolescents with CD are offered for school psychologists. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The compatibility of action learning with inner game coaching

Using ‘inner game’ coaching techniques in the remediation of a challenged programme at a Global Investment Bank the environment was transformed into a delivery focused culture. The techniques included group sessions that would be familiar to anyone aware of action learning and were an integral part of the strategy to ensure sustainable change was achieved, with the programme delivered to an agreed plan and under budget.