Effects of tapering on physical match activities in professional soccer players

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to examine: (i) the effect of decreasing training load (TL) during taper weeks on physical match activities in professional soccer players, and (ii) to disclose the relationship between weekly TL and physical match activities. Rating of perceived exertion was collected after each training session and match to quantify the TL in 19 professional players over 17 standard and 7 taper weeks during the season. Physical match activities were quantified by a computerised match analysis system and compared between standard training and taper weeks. Compared to standard weeks, the duration and frequency of training sessions during the taper weeks decreased (?21.7% and ?18.8%, respectively; P < 0.01) with no change in intensity (?4.8%; P = 0.09). Consequently, the weekly TL decreased during the taper weeks (?25.5%; P < 0.01). Increases in distance covered by intense running (+15.1%; P < 0.05), high-intensity running (HIR) (+15.7%; P < 0.01), number of sprints (+17.8%; P < 0.05) and number of high-speed runs (+15.7%; P < 0.05) were observed during the seven matches played after the taper weeks. High relationships were observed between TL and HIR distance covered, number of HIR and number of sprints (r = ?0.53; r = ?0.55; r = ?0.65, respectively; P < 0.01). Decreasing TL during taper weeks by reducing training duration and frequency but maintaining intensity was associated with an increase in physical activities during matches. However, it needs to be determined whether tapering or other match factors led to the changes in match activity.     

黑龙江省冰雪装备制造业创新成长影响要素与战略研究

随着我国成功申办2022年冬奥会,我国将大力发展冰雪运动,并会随之带动旅游、经济和冰雪装备制造业的发展。而冰雪装备制造业的发展直接影响我国冰雪体育事业的开展。采用文献资料、调查、系统分析等研究方法,针对黑龙江省冰雪装备制造业的创新成长问题进行研究,并对黑龙江省的冰雪装备制造业创新成长影响要素以及企业创新成长存在的问题进行分析与总结,认为黑龙江省冰雪装备制造业创新成长的总体状况是良好的,但企业存在资金短缺,经营、管理、技术等方面人才匮乏,企业产品结构单一、产品科技创新意识和能力不强,欠缺可持续发展理念等问题。通过分析影响冰雪装备制造业创新成长的原因,提出引进与自我创新相结合、注重品牌质量、发扬政府主导优势等战略,旨为冰雪装备制造业在黑龙江省的发展提供理论依据。     

Organismic integration as a dynamic process: a systematic review of empirical studies on change in behavioral regulations in exercise in adults

In facilitating the adoption of exercise behavior, attention should be directed towards the dynamic nature of behavioral regulations. Organismic integration theory presents a suitable framework for investigating fluctuations in behavioral regulations. However, current results pertaining to this issue revealed mixed findings. The aim of this review is to examine the empirical literature on the dynamic nature of organismic integration theory in exercise settings over time in adults. A systematic review of English articles using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ScienceDirect, and SPORTDiscus was conducted including keywords of organismic integration theory, longitudinal designs, change in behavioral regulations, and exercise. Findings are summarized through quantitative analysis of the evidence. Regarding autonomous regulations, steady increases in regulations are observable that originate within the first weeks and persist for up to one year. Most studies reported no changes in controlled regulations, although in a few cases changes were observed six weeks after baseline or later. The review adds to the theoretical understanding of how behavioral regulations are internalized. However, whether changes in regulation occur depends on both the type of regulation and on contextual characteristics. Future research of longitudinal design is warranted to identify optimal periods in which individuals seek for increased support during exercise adoption.     

陶行知"五解放"教育思想与大学生创新精神的培养

创新精神的培养是素质教育的核心内容之一，陶行知先生解放学生的大脑、双手、嘴巴、空间和时间的“五解放”教育思想是培养学生创新精神的重要手段，也是培养学生创新精神的前提，其实质就是真正把自主权交给学生。要培养大学生的创新精神，应该以“五解放”教育思想为指导，树立全新的创新教育观，努力培养大学生的创新意识和创造思维能力，全方位营造有利于培养创新精神的环境。通过创新精神的培养，造就更多与时俱进的创新型人才。     

教育市场化刍议

本文对市场经济条件下教育能否实行市场化进行了探讨,认为教育可以实行市场化,但不能完全市场化,应该区别对待,并进一步提出相应的策略。     

The influence of discussion groups in a case-based learning environment

The common practice of using discussion groups during case-based learning makes the role of discussion important in these learning environments. However, little empirical research has been done to investigate the influence of discussion on performance and motivation in case-based learning. The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study conducted to examine the role of discussion groups in a case-based environment. College students completed two cases either individually or in small discussion groups. Measures included two case analyses, an attitude survey, time on task, and document analysis. Results revealed significant performance and time differences between instructional methods on the first case, but not on the second case. In addition, results indicated significant differences in student attitudes between treatments. Overall, participants who worked in groups liked their method significantly better than those who worked alone, felt they learned more working in a group than they would have working alone, and expressed a preference for working in a group if they had to do the class over again. Implications for implementing case-based learning and future research are discussed. Anna E. Flynn is Vice President and NAPM Associate Professor with the National Association of Purchasing Management.     

高层建筑中转换层的应用

从转换层在高层建筑的应用出发探讨了带转换层的结构在实际应用中应该注意的问题。     

高校合同工入会问题探索——基于南方医科大学合同工入会的现状调查和思考

本文从高校合同工的性质入手,在对南方医科大学开展合同工队伍现状和入会问题的相关调查,寻找合同工入会的法律和政策依据,分析当前合同工入会难的原因,梳理吸收合同工入会的工作思路,提出增强对合同工入会及维权工作必要性和重要性的认识,加强宣传,营造氛围,摸索适合合同工特点的入会模式,呼吁党政部门提供必要的政策支持和物质保障,努力构建合同工维权的协调工作机制,并且进一步明确合同工入会后享受的权益。     

广西师范大学职教专硕职业能力培养现状调查

为全面深入了解全日制职教专硕职业能力的培养现状,采用问卷分析法对广西师范大学职业技术师范学院2016级、2017级全日制职业技术教育专业研究生进行调查研究。调查分别从职业知识、职业技能、研发能力、综合应用能力四个方面提出问题,并对调查结果进行了细致分析,探究了当前职教专硕职业能力培养存在的利与弊,为进一步提高职教专硕职业能力培养质量提供参考和借鉴。