课堂教学诊断：“后新课改” 时代课堂的有效干预行动

第8 次基础教学课程改革自新世纪启动,至今已进行了十余年,可以算进入了“后新课 改”时期。“后新课改”时代要求重视学校的组织文化建设,课堂教学诊断采用教育专家引领、学校领 导支持、教师同行帮助、执教教师为主、所教学生配合、家长协助为干预的机制,其本质是一种课堂 文化的干预行动,具有人本性、发展性、教育性、诊断性与功效性等特征。搞清诊断主体、分清诊断类 型与层次、掌握诊断技术、遵循操作过程是课堂教学诊断研究的关键要素,通过对课堂物质文化、课 堂制度文化、课堂行为文化和课堂精神文化的诊断,采行分层分类诊断、主体协同诊断与建章立制 等策略,是实现高效课堂的重要保障。     

30 min of treadmill walking at self-selected speed does not increase gait variability in independent elderly

Walking is one of the preferred exercises among elderly, but could a prolonged walking increase gait variability, a risk factor for a fall in the elderly? Here we determine whether 30 min of treadmill walking increases coefficient of variation of gait in elderly. Because gait responses to exercise depend on fitness level, we included 15 sedentary and 15 active elderly. Sedentary participants preferred a lower gait speed and made smaller steps than the actives. Step length coefficient of variation decreased ~16.9% by the end of the exercise in both the groups. Stride length coefficient of variation decreased ~9% after 10 minutes of walking, and sedentary elderly showed a slightly larger step width coefficient of variation (~2%) at 10 min than active elderly. Active elderly showed higher walk ratio (step length/cadence) than sedentary in all times of walking, but the times did not differ in both the groups. In conclusion, treadmill gait kinematics differ between sedentary and active elderly, but changes over time are similar in sedentary and active elderly. As a practical implication, 30 min of walking might be a good strategy of exercise for elderly, independently of the fitness level, because it did not increase variability in step and stride kinematics, which is considered a risk of fall in this population.     

逆向需求模糊的多车辆集散货物路线问题

研究了一类新的车辆路线问题（VRP）——整合逆向物流的多车辆路线问题（MVRPRL）．该问题的特点是客户可以同时取货和发货,而且客户发货量是在路线安排前是不确定的．首先用三角模糊数表示客户发货量,建立了基于模糊置信度理论的多目标模型;然后设计了基于模拟的改进禁忌算法来求解该模型：用模拟的方法计算路线失败值,在路线搜索中采用路线内部改善和路线间改善两类邻域操作,而且采用了重起策略．计算结果表明该方法优于传统的扫描算法,整合逆向物流的运输费用比正逆向分别运输之和减少了43％．     

How to Support Toddlers’ Autonomy: A Qualitative Study With Child Care Educators

Research Findings: The present study explored the concrete manifestations of autonomy support (AS) toward toddlers. Eight child care educators were interviewed. Based on our assessment, these educators all valued AS. A qualitative content analysis revealed 18 practices that this group of child care educators considered supportive of toddlers’ autonomy. The present findings are in line with the traditional conceptualization of AS, namely, offering choices and encouraging initiatives, acknowledging the child’s feelings and perspective, and providing rationales and explanations for requests (Deci, Eghrari, Patrick, & Leone, 1994; Koestner, Ryan, Bernieri, & Holt, 1984), suggesting that these practices are developmentally appropriate for toddlers. Yet, they also widen the scope of AS, highlighting additional caregiving practices that may support the autonomy of toddlers. Practice or Policy: The results are discussed in light of child care educators’ professional training context and the relationship between AS and structure. The practices found in this study offer many means of actualizing AS with toddlers on a daily basis.     

一种基于模糊模型相似测量的字符无监督分类法

提出了一种能有效完成对无监督字符分类的模糊逻辑方法 ,以提高字符识别系统的速度 ,正确性和鲁棒性 .字符首先被分为 8种印刷结构类 ,然后采用模式匹配方法将各类字符分别转换成基于一非线性加权相似函数的模糊样板集合 .模糊无监督字符的分类是字符匹配的一种自然范例并发展了加权模糊相似测量的研究 .本文讨论了该模糊模型的特性并用以加快字符分类处理 ,经过字符分类 ,在字符识别时由于只需针对较小的模糊样板集合而变得容易和快速     

裘曰修涉胡中藻文字狱案考述

胡中藻文字狱案是乾隆前期文人因诗文遭祸的一宗大案,乾隆因此掀起了一场政治运动,江西籍官员裘曰修等人也受到牵连.裘曰修曾无意透露胡中藻诗集被查的消息,实际其与胡中藻并无交往,也没有刊刻、传播胡中藻诗集等直接行为.乾隆虽未将裘曰修治罪,但江西的其他涉案官员则遭到了相应的处罚.     

Do more hours in center-based care cause more externalizing problems? A cross-national replication study

Whether high quantities of center-based care cause behavior problems is a controversial question. Studies using covariate adjustment for selection factors have detected relations between center care and behavior problems, but studies with stronger internal validity less often find such evidence. We examined whether within-child changes in hours in center-based care predicted changes in externalizing problems in toddlers and preschoolers (N = 10,105; 49% female; data collection 1993–2012) in seven studies, including from Germany, Netherlands, Norway, two from Canada and two from the U.S. Race/ethnicity data were only collected in the United States (57% and 80% White; 42% and 13% African-American; 1.2% and 5% Latinx). Meta-analyses showed no association (r = .00, p = .88) between hours in center-based care and externalizing problems.     

美国16年一贯教育模式探析

16年一贯教育，即P-16教育，是最近几年在美国“流行”的一种教育理念和正在实施的一种教育模式。它强调学生在校16年学习生涯中学习的连续性，寻求通过不同学段教育之间的合作和整合来提高学生的学习成就，从而改善和提高全关的教育质量。文章在对P-16教育在美国兴起的原因，P-16教育的目标、标准及运作特点，P-16教育的成效及面临的挑战等进行介绍的基础上，对P-16教育作出了评价和思考。     

北戴河地质认识实习教学方法浅析

从近年来北戴河地质认识实习教学中的一些感受中,总结了实习教学方法改革及取得的一些成果,指出坚持不懈的教学改革是适应地球科学发展的主要途径。