我国健身房健身器材术语的规范化探索

对目前我国健身房器材术语使用情况进行归类分析,发现在4大类健身器材术语上,都不同程度存在着不规范的问题.鉴于实现健身器材术语的规范化能够对管理、法律、经济、文化方面产生积极影响,在依据中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T10l112-1999<术语工作原则与方法>的基础上,结合规范化的思想对健身器材术语进行规范化探索,表明功能类术语、仿生类术语、动作类术语可以统一采用"锻炼姿态"+"锻炼目的"+"锻炼方法"+"器材术语语缀"的形式表述,同时应避免音译类术语在健身器材中的使用.     

Preference and resistance to change in concurrent variable-interval schedules

Pigeons were trained on a multiple schedule in which separate concurrent schedules were presented in the two components of the schedule. During one component, concurrent variable-interval 40-sec variableinterval 80-sec schedules operated. In the second component, concurrent variable-interval 40-sec variableinterval 20-sec schedules operated. After stable baseline performance was obtained in both components, extinction probe choice tests were presented to assess preference between the variable-interval 40-sec schedules from the two components. The variable-interval 40-sec schedule paired with the variableinterval 80-sec schedule was preferred over the variable-interval 40-sec schedule paired with the variableinterval 20-sec schedule. The subjects were also exposed to several resistance-to-change manipulations: (1) prefeeding prior to the experimental session, (2) a free-food schedule added to timeout periods separating components, and (3) extinction. The results indicated that preference and resistance to change do not necessarily covary.     

忍者“神偷”

回想起来,"忍者追捕"涉及的是一个席卷斯塔顿岛的连环"忍者盗贼"。"武当乐队"正是发祥此地且名声在外,出于对功夫电影的敬意,在很久以前他们把这个地方戏称为"少林"。这个特别的盗贼,如今已被认定在过去的七个月里洗劫了十八户人家。九月,他在东安山的基奥洛家作案时,遇到了当地居民菲儿·基奥洛,"忍者盗贼"之恶名便是源自此案。他一身黑衣,戴着黑色面具,基奥洛说道,那盗贼还拿着双节棍。他用那副双节棍击打基奥洛的     

Exploration of technical and nontechnical employee attitudes toward participation in training

This study examined technical and nontechnical employee attitudes toward participation in training. A survey was administered to 337 self‐identified technical and nontechnical university employees. Our findings are as follows: (a) most employees prefer training that is less than 2 hours in length, (b) employees do not want training outside their regular shift, (c) employees strongly prefer hands‐on training, and (d) less than half were encouraged by their supervisor to apply what was learned in nontechnical training to their job.     

The art and artifice of early sports photography

Abstract

The rise of modern sport in the mid-nineteenth century coincided with the emergence of photography as a new image-making medium. Thus, both practices developed in parallel. Notably, many early photographers turned to sport as a subject for their work, despite the early technological limitations of the medium. Histories of photography have, however, tended to overlook this. Similarly, sport historians have tended to regard these early photographs simply as illustrative material rather than important innovations in the formation of new visual conventions for the representation of sport. This paper seeks to redress this by exploring, in close detail, examples of sports photography produced in the mid- to late-nineteenth century. More importantly, it examines the visual vocabularies deployed by these early photographers within the context of contemporary art practices, demonstrating how artistry and artifice were deployed in the production of some of the earliest, and finest, examples of sports photography ever produced.     

西方司法公正现实化的历史考察

司法公正现实化经历了一个从告知真理到发现真理的演进过程 ,其目标从实体公正与程序公正的统一、分化到并重 ;其模式由国家职权主义与当事人主义各自独立发展到二战以来的相互渗透。西方司法公正现实化源于人民对公正理念的执着追求和法官精英队伍的形成     

Sample, Random and Variation: The Vocabulary of Statistical Literacy

This paper considers the development of school students’ ability to define three terms that are fundamental to statistical literacy: sample, random, and variation. A total of 738 students in grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 were asked in a survey to define and give an example for the word “sample.” Of these, 379 students in grades 7 and 9 were also asked about the words “random” and “variation.” Responses were used to describe developmental levels overall and to document differences across grades on the understanding of these terms. Changes in performance were also monitored after lessons on chance and data, emphasizing variation for 335 students. After 2 years, 132 of these students and a further 209 students who were surveyed originally but did not take part in specialized lessons, were surveyed again. The difference after 2 years between the performance of students who experienced the specialized lessons and those who did not was considered, revealing no differences in performance longitudinally. For students in grades 7 and 9, the association of performance on the three terms was explored. Implications for mathematics and literacy educators are discussed.     

Assessment of Students’ Understanding of Variation

Several tasks used in research studies are presented with assessment rubrics and examples of the development of student understanding. The tasks focus on students’ appreciation of variation in several contexts and illustrate the need to discuss variation in the classroom and to ask students specifically about it during assessment.