黑缘红瓢虫生物学特性的研究

本文系统地观察和研究了黑缘红瓢虫的形态特征、生活史、生活习性等生物学特性。研究结果表明 ,黑缘红瓢虫在本地区一年发生一代 ,以成虫在杂草、石缝中等处越冬 ,是朝鲜球坚蚧等多种蚧虫的重要天敌之一。主要分布在桃树、梅树等树上 ,对朝鲜球坚蚧等有较强的控制作用。黑缘红瓢虫主要以幼虫捕食猎物为主 ,成虫主要起繁殖和扩散作用     

论创新型语文教师

教育创新是社会发展的必然要求，也是学科发展的必然趋势。语文教师要在基础教育改革中扮演重要角色，就必须具备较高的创新素质。创新型教师应该具有现代化的语文教育思想、创新的自信心与责任感、新的人才观、新的学习观、不断进取的探索精神。     

复配型特稠原油降粘剂研究

文中优化了稠油、特稠油复配型降粘剂的组成配方 .实验表明 ,优化的复配型降粘剂较其单组分的降粘性能明显增强而非优化的复配型降粘剂甚至不及其某些单组分的降粘性能 ,说明复配型降粘剂组分间存在着配伍性和协同效应 .     

地形图在考古调查中的应用

大于1：10万的国家基本比例尺地形图，详细地表示了制图区域的地形、水系、土质植被、居民点、交通线等地理要素，这些要素包含了许多与考古有关的信息，通过对古遗址分布、地名起源及演变规律、及其在地形图上的反映特点的分析，可以在室内确定田野考古调查路线，使调查具有针对性．     

Preference and resistance to change in concurrent variable-interval schedules

Pigeons were trained on a multiple schedule in which separate concurrent schedules were presented in the two components of the schedule. During one component, concurrent variable-interval 40-sec variableinterval 80-sec schedules operated. In the second component, concurrent variable-interval 40-sec variableinterval 20-sec schedules operated. After stable baseline performance was obtained in both components, extinction probe choice tests were presented to assess preference between the variable-interval 40-sec schedules from the two components. The variable-interval 40-sec schedule paired with the variableinterval 80-sec schedule was preferred over the variable-interval 40-sec schedule paired with the variableinterval 20-sec schedule. The subjects were also exposed to several resistance-to-change manipulations: (1) prefeeding prior to the experimental session, (2) a free-food schedule added to timeout periods separating components, and (3) extinction. The results indicated that preference and resistance to change do not necessarily covary.     

Assessment of Students’ Understanding of Variation

Several tasks used in research studies are presented with assessment rubrics and examples of the development of student understanding. The tasks focus on students’ appreciation of variation in several contexts and illustrate the need to discuss variation in the classroom and to ask students specifically about it during assessment.     

计算机专业学员应具备什么特征

本文提出了海军计算机专业毕业学员应该具备的业务素质、能力与技能 ,指出如何应对该学科的飞速发展 ,给出了 3个层次的检验标准以说明 2 1世纪计算机专业学员应该具备的特征     

市场经济条件下会计信息的本质特征及思考

近年来,会计信息公共产品论在学术界占有重要位置.以马克思主义政治经济学理论作为分析基础,借鉴西方经济学中的一些理论依据,得到会计信息的本质是一种特殊的商品,并表现出与其它商品不同的特征,发挥着其独特作用的论证.     

Peer assessment of oral presentations: effects of student gender,university affiliation and participation in the development of assessment criteria

Peer assessment provides a useful mechanism to develop many positive qualities in students studying in higher education (HE). Potential influences on peer‐awarded marks include student qualities such as gender, HE background (e.g. university affiliation) and participation in the development of the assessment criteria. Many studies that have investigated peer assessment have placed great emphasis on marks from a single tutor, or very few tutors, from a single university. This study examined grades awarded by 11 tutors (affiliated with four universities) to oral presentations delivered on a residential field course by second‐year undergraduate students from two universities studying environmental or biological disciplines. Student assessors awarded marks of fairly high precision (correlating strongly with tutor grades) but averaged 5% higher than their tutors (i.e. of only moderate accuracy). Marginally higher marks (circa 1.6%) were awarded by student assessors to speakers studying at the same university. Gender influences were detected as males tended to grade other male speakers very slightly more highly than female speakers. Marks from females were unaffected by speaker gender. Students who participated in the development of the assessment criteria did not achieve higher grades for their presentations. However, when these ‘participants’ were assessing, they awarded lower marks than their peers (i.e. closer to, but not as low as, those awarded by tutors). Lower marks were also awarded during the middle of sessions, possibly resulting from factors associated with motivation and attention of speakers and markers. Overall, the potential biases in marking by naive assessors examined in this study may influence the validity of marks generated by peer assessment schemes, but the experience of this type of assessment had positive effects on those involved.     

Parental contributions,school‐level finances and decentralization: an analysis of Nicaraguan autonomous school budgets

The Nicaraguan Autonomous School Programme is notable among the growing number of school governance decentralization reforms in the Americas in the degree of control given to parents, especially in decisions regarding the allocation of school resources. Much of schools’ discretionary spending was accumulated through various school charges. This paper analyses rare school‐level budget data to determine the proportion of resources that derived from parental contributions and other school‐based commercial activity. We find the contributions to be significant, highly varied, and correlated with income. The results have implications for many decentralization reforms that encourage local contributions as part of both their financing and accountability strategies.