“3＋X”同行评议方式的合理性分析

国家自然科学基金项目同行评议方式的设计是否合理直接关系到项目评审的质量。近年,国家自然科学基金项目数个学科试行"3 X"新的同行专家评议方式。这项新的同行评议改制更加科学、合理,使得基金项目的评审更加客观、公正,更能确保国家基金评审项目的质量。     

国外体育赞助成功案例分析及其启示

采用文献资料法、访谈法及案例法对体育赞助的概念、功能及基本内容进行了分析,在此基础上提出了国内体育赞助存在的问题,并对国外体育赞助三大成功案例的运营进行了深入剖析,以期对我国体育赞助的运作给以启示。     

形成性评价（Formative Assessment）的本质及其对教与学的影响

长期以来,很多学者一直倡导指导教学的评价,即通过评估学生需求和监测其学习进展,适当地设计学习顺序,调整教学策略,改良学习计划,以便有效地促进学习目标的完成。本研究调查了形成性评价在美国中学科学课中的实施情况,并分析其对学生学习进步的影响。研究表明,教师都在努力使用形成性评价来指导教学,而学生取得的成绩各不相同。     

一部实事求足的修辞学史力作——《20世纪中国修辞学》读后

由著名修辞学史专家宗廷虎教授主编,并与高万云、吴礼权教授共同撰著的<20世纪中国修辞学>,真正做到了实事求是,去伪存真,去粗取精,是一部客观反映20世纪中国修辞学全貌的重要著作.     

浅析CNMARC格式中的字段指示符

机读目录的字段指示符，在录入机编数据时，容易被忽视或漏掉，致使书目数据库的字段指示符混乱，造成CNMARC格式与其他元数据格式转换困难。在此通过对字段指示符的分析，确定其在CNMARC格式中的重要性，同时指明其赋值情况。     

The effect of caffeine ingestion on 8 km run performance in a field setting

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of caffeine ingestion on 8 km run performance using an ecologically valid test protocol. A randomized double-blind crossover study was conducted involving eight male distance runners. The participants ran an 8 km race 1 h after ingesting a placebo capsule, a caffeine capsule (3 mg x kg(-1) body mass) or no supplement. Heart rate was recorded at 5 s intervals throughout the race. Blood lactate concentration and ratings of perceived exertion were recorded after exercise. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified a significant treatment effect for 8 km performance time (P < 0.05); caffeine resulted in a mean improvement of 23.8 s (95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.1 to 34.5 s) in 8 km performance time (1.2% improvement, 95% CI = 0.7 to 1.8%). In addition, a two-way (time x condition) repeated-measures ANOVA identified a significantly higher blood lactate concentration 3 min after exercise during the caffeine trial (P < 0.05). We conclude that ingestion of 3 mg . kg(-1) body mass of caffeine can improve absolute 8 km run performance in an ecologically valid race setting.     

Chemical degradation of a paraffin wax-based binder used in granular composite sport surfaces

Chemical changes in high-oil wax-based binders used in Thoroughbred horse racing synthetic surfaces are studied over a 7-year period in an effort to understand the effect of changes in the binder on track behavior. A wax or polymer binder is used to hold the sand, fiber, and rubber constituents together in addition to creating a hydrophobic coating on the sand. The binder was extracted from bulk samples obtained from sampling of a racetrack surface at the same location on a single racetrack. During the 7 years, the material components of the track were not altered nor was material added, although normal maintenance including daily harrowing and annual tilling was performed. The binder was separated via solvent extraction from the samples. Differences in chemical composition were determined through oil extraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC-FID), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results show chemical changes in the binder resulting from oxidation of the oil in the wax, as well as changes in wax molecular structure. The goal of this work is to better understand how the binder changes over time to help guide maintenance and replacement decisions. Other potential changes to the surface materials can include the addition of oil stabilizers and binder replenishment. If the time interval between surface replacements can be extended, it would enable racetracks to provide a consistent and potentially safer racing surface at a lower cost.     

西部矿产资源分析与政策探讨

当今世界面临着人口、资源与环境三大热点问题,要使资源、生态环境与社会经济发展相协调,选择可持续发展的道路已成为世界各国的共识.本文通过研究西部矿产资源的环境承载力,应用环境承载力的综合量化模型,构建西部地区环境承载力评价指标体系,对2010年西部矿产资源的承载力指标数值进行了预测,提出西部矿产资源相应的开发战略和政策建议.