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961.
Mark R. Elkins Robert D. Herbert Anne M. Moseley Catherine Sherrington Chris Maher 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2010,21(3):20-26
Physical therapists seeking to use evidence to guide their practice may have limited time to read research reports. One way to reduce the time required to identify and read about the research that is relevant to a particular clinical question is to read a systematic review that summarizes multiple studies. This paper explains the process that is used to conduct systematic reviews, which includes the establishment of a protocol, comprehensive searching, appraisal of the quality of the included studies, data extraction and metaanalysis, and consideration of the clinical and research implications of the findings. We also consider how the reader of a systematic review can determine whether the review is likely to provide an unbiased (believable) estimate of the treatment effect. A systematic review of randomized trials of a cardiopulmonary physical therapy intervention is used as an example. The issue of appraisal of quality is then discussed further, with a demonstration of how one validated tool for quality appraisal–the PEDro scale–can be used to evaluate a randomized trial in cardiopulmonary physical therapy.Key Words: systematic review, physical therapy 相似文献
962.
Chris Kimble Corinne Grenier Karine Goglio-Primard 《International Journal of Information Management》2010
The article examines the process of innovation and knowledge sharing from a perspective that focuses on the influence that local circumstances can have. In particular, it looks at the problems of knowledge sharing between groups of professionals. It presents a comparative analysis of two studies, one involving two groups of IT professionals; the other a network of healthcare professionals. The data was collected in two sets. The first set consisted of the results from two earlier, independent studies; the second was collected specifically for this article. We investigate the role played by boundary objects and brokers. Through an analysis of the interplay between boundary object and broker, we uncover the dynamics of the innovation process and show that the role played by the broker can be political. We identify two strategies that are used by brokers in the selection of a boundary object. The first is directed towards achieving a balance between the actors involved and the second is directed towards controlling their activities. We conclude by suggesting that other researchers should also consider the interplay between broker and boundary object when examining cross-boundary knowledge sharing. 相似文献
963.
Although teacher–student relationships are assumed to in part reflect early caregiving quality, their social provisions also undergo notable normative change over the course of primary school, shifting from a secure base for social exploration to an instrumental relationship centered on achieving academic goals. This report leveraged prospective, longitudinal data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,306, 52% male, 77% White/non-Hispanic) to investigate whether the association between early caregiving and subsequent teacher–student relationship quality remains stable or diminishes in magnitude over time. Associations between early maternal sensitivity and teacher–student closeness faded from Kindergarten to Grade 6. In contrast, associations between early caregiving and teacher–student conflict endured and were partially accounted for by child externalizing problems. 相似文献
964.
965.
Ovidiu Șerban Nicholas Thapen Brendan Maginnis Chris Hankin Virginia Foot 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):1166-1184
Interest in real-time syndromic surveillance based on social media data has greatly increased in recent years. The ability to detect disease outbreaks earlier than traditional methods would be highly useful for public health officials. This paper describes a software system which is built upon recent developments in machine learning and data processing to achieve this goal. The system is built from reusable modules integrated into data processing pipelines that are easily deployable and configurable. It applies deep learning to the problem of classifying health-related tweets and is able to do so with high accuracy. It has the capability to detect illness outbreaks from Twitter data and then to build up and display information about these outbreaks, including relevant news articles, to provide situational awareness. It also provides nowcasting functionality of current disease levels from previous clinical data combined with Twitter data.The preliminary results are promising, with the system being able to detect outbreaks of influenza-like illness symptoms which could then be confirmed by existing official sources. The Nowcasting module shows that using social media data can improve prediction for multiple diseases over simply using traditional data sources. 相似文献
966.
Xiaolei Wang Ming Tang Jeff Moyen Di Wang Alfred Krner Chris Hawkesworth Xiaoping Xia Hangqiang Xie Carl Anhaeusser Axel Hofmann Junyong Li Linsen Li 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2022,9(3)
The recycling of supracrustal materials, and in particular hydrated rocks, has a profound impact on mantle composition and thus on the formation of continental crust, because water modifies the physical properties of lithological systems and the mechanisms of partial melting and fractional fractionation. On the modern Earth, plate tectonics offers an efficient mechanism for mass transport from the Earth''s surface to its interior, but how far this mechanism dates back in the Earth''s history is still uncertain. Here, we use zircon oxygen (O) isotopes to track recycling of supracrustal materials into the magma sources of early Archean igneous suites from the Kaapvaal Craton, southern Africa. The mean δ18O values of zircon from TTG (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) rocks abruptly increase at the Paleo-Mesoarchean boundary (ca. 3230 million years ago; Ma), from mantle zircon values of 5‰–6‰ to approaching 7.1‰, and this increase occurs in ≤3230 Ma rocks with elevated Dy/Yb ratios. The 18O enrichment is a unique signature of low-temperature water–rock interaction on the Earth''s surface. Because the later phase was emplaced into the same crustal level as the older one and TTG magmas would derive from melting processes in the garnet stability field (>40 km depth), we suggest that this evident shift in TTG zircon O isotopic compositions records the onset of recycling of the mafic oceanic crust that underwent seawater hydrothermal alteration at low temperature. The onset of the enhanced recycling of supracrustal materials may also have developed elsewhere in other Archean cratons and reflects a significant change in the tectonic realm during craton formation and stabilization, which may be important processes for the operation of plate tectonics on early Earth. 相似文献
967.
Nick Konkol Chris McNamara Joe Sembrat Mark Rabinowitz Ralph Mitchell 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2009,10(3):362-366
Marble monuments and facades are susceptible to microbial colonization. Microbial growth on a marble surface can develop into unsightly red stains whose removal has proven problematic. The purpose of this study was to determine if the red-brown stains on Isamu Noguchi's marble sculpture Slide Mantra (1991) could be caused by pigment-producing microorganisms and to assess the potential of enzymatic stain remediation. Traditional cell culture methods were used to isolate a pigmented bacterium from a stained area of the sculpture. Sequencing and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene identified the organism as a strain of Serratia marcescens, and FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrated that the pigment produced by the bacteria was most likely a prodigiosin. Decolorization of the pigment in solution demonstrated that the enzyme laccase from the fungus Trametes versicolor has potential as a decolorizing agent. This study suggests that enzymatic decolorization may be applicable to stains on culturally significant marble caused by microbial colonization. 相似文献
968.
969.
This study offers a preliminary exploration of repeat consumption of identical cultural goods, specifically moviegoing. The
term ‘identical’ in this study refers to cases where, for example, individuals view the same film at a movie theater, in a
short time interval, on more than one occasion i.e. experiencing the cultural good in precisely the same format. It is not
meant to embrace the case of individuals who, for example, view a particular film at a movie theater and then see it some
time later in another format, such as via a DVD player. The repeat viewing phenomenon is discussed and then considered empirically.
Films aimed predominantly at children attract the highest number of repeat views, while those aimed at an older audience attract
significantly fewer repeat views. The profile of repeat viewers of the 10 films which attracted the greatest number of repeat
viewers was subject to more detailed scrutiny. In general, repeat viewers tend to be younger but the gender balance differs
markedly according to film content.
An earlier version of this article was presented at the 3rd European Workshop on Applied Cultural Economics, University of
Oviedo in Aviles, Spain 14–16 June 2007 and the 9th International Conference on Arts and Cultural Management (AIMAC), Fundación
Universidad Empresa (ADEIT), Valencia, Spain 8–11 July 2007. We are grateful for comments received and the usual caveat applies. 相似文献
970.
Gamrat Chris Zimmerman Heather Toomey 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2021,69(5):2615-2636
Educational technology research and development - Through design-based research, this study examines a digital badging system to support online, independent teacher Professional development (PD) in... 相似文献