Secondary Students’ Stable and Unstable Optics Conceptions Using Contextualized Questions

This study focuses on elucidating and explaining reasons for the stability of and interrelationships between students’ conceptions about Light Propagation and Visibility of Objects using contextualized questions across 3 years of secondary schooling from Years 7 to 9. In a large-scale quantitative study involving 1,233 Korean students and 1,149 Singaporean students, data were analyzed from responses to the Light Propagation Diagnostic Instrument consisting of four pairs of items, each of which evaluated the same concept in two different problem situations. Findings show that only about 10–45 % of students could apply their conceptions of basic optics in contextualized problem situations giving rise to both stable and unstable alternative conceptions. Students’ understanding of Light Propagation concepts compared with Visibility of Objects concepts was more stable in different problem situations. The concepts of Light Propagation and Visibility of Objects were only moderately correlated. School grade was not a strong predictive variable, but students’ school achievement correlated strongly with their conceptual understanding in optics. The teaching and learning approach and education systems in the two countries may have had some influence on students’ conceptual understanding.     

Academic social bookmarking: An empirical analysis of Connotea users

Three groups of social bookmarking users, namely experienced users, users with moderate level of experience, and novice users, were investigated, in terms of their reported tagging behaviors, perceived usefulness of social bookmarking in information discovery and management, and perceived usefulness of the bookmarking features provided. Based on the empirical analysis of the Connotea users, who are primarily in academia, the study shows that experienced academic users generally prefer to use social bookmarking while moderately experienced and novice users still prefer to use the traditional bookmarking methods, such as creating and using bookmarks on a dedicated computer. Experienced academic users were also found to create more tags per bookmark comparing to the other two groups. Most novice academic users, however, only created one tag per bookmark, which just met Connotea's minimum requirement. Surprisingly different from the collaborative design nature of the social bookmarking systems, the study finds that our participants, particularly experienced academic users, prefer to create and use their own bookmarks rather than sharing bookmarks created by others. In fact, experienced users have significantly higher frequency (once every two weeks) of creating bookmarks than the other two groups (once a month or less). In addition, website design features and functions, such as automatic collection of bibliographic information, are regarded by all participants as helpful for information discovery. The in-depth examination and discussion of the opinions of Connotea users may be useful for further improvement of the design features and usage applications, particularly for academic social bookmarking websites. The results may also have potential implications to the future development of social bookmarking services in general.     

学术图书开放获取与美国大学图书馆出版服务

数字出版与开放获取(Open Access,OA)运动促使大学图书馆开始探索出版服务。继学术期刊OA出版之后,学术图书OA出版也成为出版领域的重要趋向。文章分析学术出版危机与期刊OA模式的成功对学术图书OA出版的影响,学术图书OA出版的现实意义与面临的挑战,介绍美国大学图书馆的学术图书OA出版服务,最后提出我国大学图书馆开展此项服务的建议。     

中国依法治国进程中的法律文化建设

加强社会主义法律文化建设是依法治国的内在要求。本文从法律文化的涵义及功能出发,分析了当代中国法律文化的结构。指出建设社会主义法律文化对依法治国的深远意义,并对建设社会主义法律文化的途径作了探讨。     

从1992～1993年我国心理学研究动态看我国运动心理学研究的现状与发展

以《心理学报》、《心理科学》和《体育科学》三种权威性学术刊物１９９２年和１９９３年发表的论文为基础，对我国心理学和运动心理学的研究进行了分析，并探讨了运动心理学的发展方向，指出，中国运动心理学致力于为教练员、运动员的训练竞赛的决实际问题．其大方向适应了社会的要求，且硕果累累．当前运动心理学研究存在的问题是：选材研究的指导意义不强，研究课题的理论指导性差，心理测试仪器的研制落后于运动心理学实践的需要，研究方法尚未充分体现出心理科学研究的时代特征．建议应加强研究信息的搜集和整理，避免无意义的重复研究；加强理论研究，提高应用水平；提高研究人员自身的理论素质；加强多学科的协作．提高研究方法的水平；增加实验研究，建立运动心理学的理论体系．     

大学体育后进生的成因与对策研究

体育后进生是大学生中的一个特殊群体.研究这一特殊群体产生的原因,并从中探寻帮助他们摆脱后进的方法,以期为体育教学改革和素质教育提供参考依据.     

中华师道传统对现代教师素质养成的启示

教师作为人类化的传播，人类灵魂的工程师，在跨世纪的化传承，发展中起着重要的桥梁和纽带作用。同时对培养新世纪的人才起着不可替代的重要作用。因此发掘师道传统精华，提高教师素质成为一条可行之路。     

孙子兵法与排球比赛临场指挥之关系

<孙子兵法>是一部传统谋略著作,现被广泛用于军事、外交、商业、体育竞技等领域.笔者认为<孙子兵法>中的作战谋略思想对排球比赛的临场指挥同样适用,具有重要的借鉴价值.表现为赛前的"庙算"思想;赛中的"随机应变"思?关键时刻的"奇正"思想;用人的"视卒如婴"思想等.     

有氧搏击操对女大学生心肺功能及身体形态影响的研究

目的:探讨有氧搏击操对女大学生心肺功能及身体形态存在的影响。方法:60名女大学生经过一个学期的有氧搏击操锻炼后,对其进行心肺功能及身体形态有关指标进行测试,结果显示:所测试的女大学生的心肺功能和身体形态均有显著性地改善(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:有氧搏击操对提高女大学生的心肺功能以及改变其身体形态有着积极的影响。     

体育与健康课程高中模块教学实验有关问题的研究——模块教学学生分班走向的管理措施

运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法,针对体育与健康课程高中模块教学实验中出现的有关问题进行分析研究。研究结果认为,做好模块教学前期准备工作,制定周密的实施计划,加强管理,不断完善管理机制,是高中模块教学健康有序发展的重要保证。