云端使者 马努特·博尔

姚明和奥尼尔哪怕取得再大的成就,在马努特·博尔的身高面前,他们也得自叹弗如,因为2．31米的博尔是 NBA历史上最高的球员,但一次可怕的交通事故,使得博尔目前在身体上和财政上都陷入了难以为继的窘境中。     

Authoritarianism, perceived threat and exclusionism on the eve of the Disengagement: Evidence from Gaza

Major political events such as terrorist attacks and forced relocation of citizens may have an immediate effect on attitudes towards ethnic minorities associated with these events. The psychological process that leads to political exclusionism of minority groups was examined using a field study among Israeli settlers in Gaza days prior to the Disengagement Plan adopted by the Israeli government on June 6, 2004 and enacted in August 2005. Lending credence to integrated threat theory and to theory on authoritarianism, our analyses show that the positive effect of religiosity on political exclusionism results from the two-staged mediation of authoritarianism and perceived threat. We conclude that religiosity fosters authoritarianism, which in turn tends to move people towards exclusionism both directly and through the mediation of perceived threat.     

Research methods in sport and exercise psychology: quantitative and qualitative issues

Contemporary aspects of research methods in sport and exercise psychology are discussed in this wide-ranging review. After an introduction centred on trends in sport and exercise psychology methods, the review is organized around the major themes of quantitative and qualitative research. Our aim is to highlight areas that may be problematic or controversial (e.g. stepwise statistical procedures), underused (e.g. discriminant analysis), increasingly used (e.g. meta-analysis, structural equation modelling, qualitative content analysis) and emergent (e.g. realist tales of writing). Perspectives range from the technical and speculative to the controversial and critical. While deliberately not providing a 'cookbook' approach to research methods, we hope to provide enough material to help researchers to appreciate the diversity of potential methods and to adopt a more critical perspective in their own research consumption and production.     

But I like PE: factors associated with enjoyment of physical education class in middle school girls

The current study examined associations between physical education (PE) class enjoyment and sociodemographic, personal, and perceived school environment factors among early adolescent girls. Participants included 1,511 sixth-grade girls who completed baseline assessments for the Trial of Activity in Adolescent Girls, with 50% indicating they enjoyed PE class a lot. Variables positively associated with PE class enjoyment included physical activity level, perceived benefits of physical activity, self-efficacy for leisure time physical activity, and perceived school climate for girls' physical activity as influenced by teachers, while body mass index was inversely associated with PE class enjoyment. After adjusting for all variables in the model, PE class enjoyment was significantly greater in Blacks than in Whites. In model testing, with mutual adjustment for all variables, self-efficacy was the strongest correlate of PE class enjoyment, followed by perceived benefits, race/ethnicity, and teachers' support for girls' physical activity, as compared to boys, at school. The overall model explained 11% of the variance in PE class enjoyment. Findings suggest that efforts to enhance girls' self-efficacy and perceived benefits and to provide a supportive PE class environment that promotes gender equality can potentially increase PE class enjoyment among young girls.     

Stress responses during aerobic exercise in relation to motivational dominance and state

We examined the hypothesis that congruence between motivational dominance and state results in optimal psychological responses and performance during exercise. Twenty participants (10 telic dominant and 10 paratelic dominant) rated their stress at 5 min intervals as they cycled on an ergometer at gas exchange threshold for 30 min in both telic and paratelic state manipulated conditions. Participants then performed a test to exhaustion at a resistance equivalent to 110% of VO(2max). The hypothesized interaction between condition and dominance was significant for internal tension stress, as paratelic dominants were more stressed than telic dominants when exercising in the telic state and telic dominants were more stressed than paratelic dominants when exercising in the paratelic state. Similarly, the condition × dominance interaction for internal stress discrepancy was significant, as paratelic dominants reported greater internal stress discrepancy exercising in the telic compared with the paratelic state. Findings are discussed in relation to the application of reversal theory for understanding stress responses during aerobic exercise.     

A women's scientific society in the west. The late eighteenth-century assimilation of science

The Natuurkundig Genootschap der Dames (Women's Society for Natural Knowledge), formally established by and for women, met regularly from 1785 to 1881 and sporadically until 1887. It challenges our stereotypes both of women and the physical sciences during the eighteenth century and of the intellectual interests open to women in the early European republics. This essay aims not simply to identify the society and its members but to describe their pursuits and consider what their story adds to the history of Western science. What does this society's existence tell us about the relationship between women and early science in general and about science and society in the Dutch setting in particular? Science and gender look rather different when observed through the activities of the immensely prosperous women of Middelburg, citizens of one of the most highly literate Western countries. The elite lives of the first-generation members of the women's society also offer us a glimpse into the early domestication of science, a process vital to its acceptance and assimilation.     

充满类脑弹性材料的刚性球壳旋转加速度的精确解

头部无触点旋转冲击,例如颈伤,在数学上被摸拟为绕对称轴作加速旋转的装有纯弹性材料的刚性球壳。我们在本文中得到了波传播的精确解。并借助于拉普拉斯变换方法求解了外壳表面受有矩形角度冲击问题的无量纲基本方程。此外利用方程的双曲特性得出了无量纲应力并通过移位理论得到反演。本文还给出了应力分布和应变能量密度分布以及应力的格林函数,即外输加入的角加速度取狄拉克δ-函数的形式.用卷积积分计算出壳内弹性材料对任何一般的加速度冲击的反应的特性曲线.对于单位冲击输入的各种情况的最大切应力的大小及定位作了比较.矩形冲击按其大小与加速度持续时间的乘积等于1而改变.本文证明了当加速度冲击的持续时间增加时最大的应力值从中心区域向球壳表面移动。对于外加的单位阶跃角加速度输入,应力最大值发生在无量纲时间为2时球壳表面。利用对应原理可以把这个解推广,用来确定含有粘弹性物质的球壳的反应.     

化工院校情报工作者的一次聚会

<正> 全国化工院校情报中心站第四届年会于1988年10月17日-21日在武汉化工学院召开。中心站21个成员单位的代表出席了会议。化工部情报所的有关同志参加了会议。湖北省及武汉市图书馆情报界的知名人士、武汉化工学院领导等均到会致词祝贺。年会的主要议程有:一、就高校情报工作的服务方向、情报有偿服务、情报教学等方面的改革进行了广泛的交流和探讨。华东化工学院和青岛化工学院的代表介绍了图书馆实行定编定岗、优化组合、工资包干和情报实行定额承包、面向企业的改革尝试,引起了代表们的极大兴趣和热烈讨论。     

目前一种适应个别需要的教学方法——教与学的类型应该相配合

本世纪以来,教学必须适应个别需要。已成为教育的一个中心宗旨。从古到今,没有两个人是相似的,他们有不同的需要与各自独特的兴趣、才能、抱负和问题,而且他们以不同的方式进行学习;这种事实已扩散成为我们学校的主流。在过去,学校的设施,是要对学生提供相等的教育,它表明学生的性质是相同的。学生是通过这种“标准化”的结构来培养的。实际上,那些能适应的学生前进了;那些不能适应的学生退学了,或被安排到“特