The effect of submaximal exercise on recovery hemodynamics and thermoregulation in men and women

Five women and 5 men were studied to examine the effects of submaximal exercise on thermoregulatory and hemodynamic variables during recovery in two environments: (a) control (C), 22 degrees C, 33% rh; and (b) hot humid (H), 32 degrees C. The participants exercised on a cycle ergometer at 60% of peak oxygen consumption for 35 min prior to 90 min of seated recovery. Sessions were identical, except for environment. Variables evaluated (p < .05) were: core temperature (TR), mean skin temperature (Ts), sweat rate (SR), heart rate (HR), stroke index (SI), cardiac index (CI), forearm blood flow (FBF), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Men and women exhibited similar patterns of TR, Ts, and SR in both environments. Ts and SR (collapsed means for gender) were higher in the H than in the C. DBP was higher in men than in women throughout recovery in both environments. With combined means for gender, HR was higher in the H than in the C. CI, SI, FBF, and SBP were similar in both environments and returned to baseline within 15 min into recovery. These data suggest that heat dissipation during extended recovery was accomplished with similar contributions of cutaneous vasodilation and sweating in M and F. Furthermore, the moderate exercise level did not influence hemodynamics beyond 15 min of recovery in either environment.     

洛克希德 “黑鸟”——A-12、YF-12和SR-71（四）

在英国的行动 在“超级皇冠”项目初期,具备任务出动能力的SR-71的数量不断减少。2个飞行中队在1971年4月合并为1个。随着美国从南越撤军以及“赎罪日战争”最终结束,美军的部队授权飞机数量也在逐渐减少。到1977年,SR-71A的“主要授权飞机”（PAA）也减至6架,经费也相应削减。由于SR-71主要是一种成象平台,     

地理信息系统

1、地理信息系统(GIS)的基本概念 迈克尔,布莱克莫尔对制图自动化和地理信息系统的评论在(《Hluman Geograp-hy》)杂志上巳出现几年了,但现是首次对GIS进行较为高水平的全面评论。文章开头,对此领域进行一些说明是很适当的,尤其澄清目前此领域在性质和意义上的广泛混淆。同一个月里,美国地理学会主席可能会看到“区域地理、文化地理和历史地理……蜂拥前往地理     

The effect of two different 18-week walking programmes on aerobic fitness, selected blood lipids and factor XIIa

Forty-nine previously sedentary or low active individuals aged 40-71 years were allocated to three groups. The long walking group participated in an 18-week walking programme which consisted of walks lasting 20-40 min; the repetitive short walking group completed walks of between 10 and 15 min, up to three times a day, with no less than 120 min between each walk; and the control group maintained their low level of activity. Both walking programmes began at a prescribed 60 min x week(-1), which increased steadily up to 200 min x week(-1) by week 12. During the study, the long walking group walked for an estimated 2514 min (139 min x week(-1)), expending an estimated 67.5 MJ (3.72 MJ x week(-1)) at an estimated 73% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate and 68% of their estimated VO2max. The repetitive short walking group walked for an estimated 2476 min (135 min x week(-1)), expending an estimated 58.5 MJ (3.17 MJ x week(-1)) at an estimated 71% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate and 65% of their estimated VO2max. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in heart rate during a standardized step test (pre- vs post-intervention) in both walking groups, indicating an improvement in aerobic fitness, although the control group showed a higher average heart rate during the post-intervention test, indicating reduced fitness. When compared with the male subjects pre-intervention, the females possessed more favourable levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P< 0.001), apolipoprotein (apo) AI (P < 0.001) and ratios of total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol (P< 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: HDL cholesterol (P< 0.02). Compared with the controls post-intervention, the walking groups showed no statistically significant changes in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo AI, apo AII, apo B, or the ratios of total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol: HDL cholesterol, apo AI: apo B or apo AI: apo AII (P > 0.05). Relative to the walking groups, factor XIIa increased in the control group (P < 0.05). We conclude that, although both walking programmes appeared to improve aerobic fitness, there was no evidence of improvements in the blood lipids or associated apolipoproteins of the walking groups. Further analysis indicated that this apparent lack of change may have been related to the subjects' relatively good pre-intervention blood lipid profiles, which restricted the potential for change. The implications of the observed changes in the coagulation/fibrinolytic factors remain unclear.     

怎样计算secx与tgx的幂级数展开式

我们知道,六个三角函数sinx,cosx,tgx,ctgx,secx以及cscx的幂级数展开式中,只有sinx和cosx的容易记住,其余的四个三角函数的幂级数展开式中的系数都与伯努利数B_a或欧拉数E_n有关,一时看不出明显的规律,[译者注:六个三角函数的幂级数展开式可查阅《数学手册》第226,227页,人民教育出版社1979年5月第一版],本文将用一种很简洁的方法来求出比secx与tgx的幂级数展开式.这种方法仅需加法运算,因而对笔算和电算都适合.     

Role of Plasma MMP 9 levels in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Pancreatitis

Pancreatic fibrosis is a key pathological feature in the etiology of chronic pancreatitis that leads to obliteration of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tissues and its replacement by fibrous tissue resulting in clinical manifestations. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is a member of the MMP family that is also known as gelatinase B, degrades type IV collagen of extracellular matrix and basal membrane. The present study is aimed at evaluating the clinical significance of plasma concentration of MMP-9 in chronic pancreatitis. The samples were obtained from 112 chronic pancreatitis patients and an equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls. MMP-9 levels were quantitatively measured by ELISA assay. Statistical analysis was applied to test the significance of results. The present study revealed a significant increase of plasma MMP 9 levels in chronic pancreatitis patients compared to control subjects. Elevated levels were also observed in all the patient groups compared to control subjects with regard to sex, age, addictions etc. MMP-9 degrades the type IV collagens in normal basement membrane, which in turn activates the pancreatic stellate cells which promote the development of pancreatitic fibrosis. Thus, elevated plasma levels of MMP-9 may act as a susceptibility factor for the development of chronic pancreatitis.     

三坐标测量机在磁基准中的应用

本文对三坐标测量机（CMM）的用途、基本工作原理、使用工具和方法论以及六级聚焦进行探讨,指出其优势和广阔的应用前景,同时也指出了需要注意的几个方面。     

Controlled electroporation of the plasma membrane in microfluidic devices for single cell analysis

Chemical cytometry on a single cell level is of interest to various biological fields ranging from cancer to stem cell research. The impact chemical cytometry can exert in these fields depends on the dimensionality of the retrievable analytes content. To this point, the number of different analytes identifiable and additionally their subcellular localization is of interest. To address this, we present an electroporation based approach for selective lysis of only the plasma membrane, which permits analysis of the dissolved cytoplasm, while reducing contributions from the nucleus and membrane bound fractions of the cell analytes. The use of 100 μs long pulse and a well defined DC electric field gradient of ∼4.5 kV·cm⁻¹ generated by 3D electrodes initiates release of a cytoplasm marker in ≪1 s, while retaining nuclear fluorescence markers.