Educación formal y acciones de agrupación y memoria en adultos: Un estudio microgenético

Resumen

Se estudió la influencia de la educación formal en el empleo de acciones de agrupación y memoria en sujetos adultos. El trabajo tenía una doble perspectiva, transversal y microgenética. Los sujetos pertenecían a tres niveles educativos y se les estudió a lo largo de cuatro días, en dos pruebas de memorización y recuerdo y una prueba de categorization dirigida intercalada entre las anteriores. Los resultados mostraron la influencia esperada de la escolarización en el empleo de acciones de agrupación y memoria así como cambios a lo largo de las sesiones en el grupo intermedio. La interpretación de los resultados se basó en las nociones de subordinación de acciones mentales y de descontextualización de los instrumentos de mediación.     

Las aportaciones de la psicología al estudio de los procesos educativos

RESUMEN

Se plantea el problema de la utilización, en situaciones educativas concretas, de los datos surgidos de la investigación de la psicología de la educación. Actualmente existen tres posturas diferenciadas: 1) la hipótesis de la extrapolación-traducción, según la cual los datos de la investigación estrictamente psicológica pueden ser extrapolados o traducidos a la situación educativa; 2) la hipótesis de la independencia, para la cual la psicología de la educación es un área completamente independiente de las áreas tradicionales de investigación psicológica; y 3) la hipótesis de interdependencia-interacción, que propone la utilización de los conocimientos generales para mejorar la enseñanza, teniendo siempre en cuenta el conjunto de variables específicas de la situación educativa. Esta última es la perspectiva que defienden los autores.     

Un plan comarcal de servicios psicopedagógicos comunitarios

RESUMEN

Con la creación del plan de servicios educativos en la comarca del Deva (Guipúzcoa) se pretende dar respuesta a las múltiples necesidades educativas de la población escolar, especialmente aquellos que presentan dificultades de relación con su medio familiar, escolar o social. Asimismo se pretende realizar una labor educativa preventiva, investigadora y divulgativa con el fin de impulsar el cambio educativo y mejorar la calidad de la educación. El plan comprende cuatro áreas principales: de orientación y diagnóstico, de reeducación psicomotriz, de lenguaje y visual. El plan es controlado y gestionado comunitariamente por ayuntamientos, asociaciones y entidades educativas. Tras un año de vida ha supuesto una importante inversión para la comarca, tanto a nivel económico como de personal cualificado.     

There is no business model for open educational resources: a business model approach

The economic proverb ‘There is no such thing such as a free lunch’ applies also to open educational resources (OER). In recent years, several authors have used revenue models and business models to analyse the different sources of possible funding for OER. In this article the business models of Osterwalder and Chesbrough are combined with research on the motives of the participants of OER to analyse possible funding models. If the motives of governments (knowledge economy), educational institutions (efficiency, marketing), individual producers (reputation, academic interests) and users (intermediary educational products, learning) are combined, it is shown that the only long-term sustainable independent business model is based on subsidies. However, this conclusion depends both on the definition of openness (in the sense of at no cost) and on motives. More research on both aspects could alter these conclusions.     

Evaluating intelligent interfaces for post-editing automatic transcriptions of online video lectures

Video lectures are fast becoming an everyday educational resource in higher education. They are being incorporated into existing university curricula around the world, while also emerging as a key component of the open education movement. In 2007, the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) implemented its poliMedia lecture capture system for the creation and publication of quality educational video content and now has a collection of over 10,000 video objects. In 2011, it embarked on the EU-subsidised transLectures project to add automatic subtitles to these videos in both Spanish and other languages. By doing so, it allows access to their educational content by non-native speakers and the deaf and hard-of-hearing, as well as enabling advanced repository management functions. In this paper, following a short introduction to poliMedia, transLectures and Docència en Xarxa (Teaching Online), the UPV’s action plan to boost the use of digital resources at the university, we will discuss the three-stage evaluation process carried out with the collaboration of UPV lecturers to find the best interaction protocol for the task of post-editing automatic subtitles.     

Mind‐Mindedness and Theory of Mind: Mediating Roles of Language and Perspectival Symbolic Play

Relations among indices of maternal mind‐mindedness (appropriate and nonattuned mind‐related comments) and children's: (a) internal state vocabulary and perspectival symbolic play at 26 months (N = 206), and (b) theory of mind (ToM) at 51 months (n = 161) were investigated. Appropriate comments were positively associated with ToM, but were unrelated to internal state language and perspectival symbolic play. Nonattuned comments were negatively correlated with internal state language and perspectival symbolic play, but were unrelated to ToM. Path analyses indicated that the best fit model assumed: (a) indirect links between nonattuned comments and ToM via children's perspectival symbolic play, (b) a direct link between appropriate comments and ToM, and (c) an indirect link between appropriate comments and ToM via children's concurrent receptive verbal ability.     

‘I know how to read longer novels’ – developing pupils' success criteria in the classroom

Assessment for Learning (AfL) is an established learning and teaching strategy. The authors identify issues with the effectiveness of its application in the classroom. Having noted a theoretical shift from teacher-generated to pupil-generated success criteria, the authors were keen to explore how this could be realised in practice. They developed a model based on AfL principles, which they introduced to a class of Year 5 pupils. They found that, whilst pupils can identify their own success criteria, a number of issues need to be considered by the innovative teacher.     

NASTY,BRUTISH AND LONG: ADVENTURES IN OLD AGE AND THE WORLD OF ELDERCARE By Ira Rosofsky

Nurses play a significant role in geriatric care. However, as the aging population and demand for geriatric nurses increase worldwide, shortages of nurses seem to arise. This creates the need to assess and address the motivation and attitudes of nurses toward geriatric care. The intent of this qualitative study is to surface the essence or the “lebenswelt” that describe the motivation and attitudes of a selected group of Filipino nurses toward geriatric care. A total of six registered nurses who had experienced taking care of elderly patients voluntarily participated as respondents of this study. A two-part instrument developed by the researchers was made to elicit necessary data and information. The first part comprised of the robotfoto intended to establish the baseline characteristics of nurses under study. The second part consisted of a semistructured individual in-depth interview using “aide memoire” to probe into the motivation and attitudes of the nurse respondents. Field texts were phenomenologically reduced via repertory grid. Two distinct and interesting themes, namely Geriatric Service Motivation Typology and the Yin-Yang of Geriatric Attitudes emerged. The first theme includes the Single Loop and Double Loop type of motivation The former involves a transactional and unidirectional process, while the latter constitutes a two-way relational and transformational process. The second theme consists of a harmonious combination of the two sides of the nurses' attitudes toward geriatric care. Through this study, the human side of nursing is seen and captured, thus increasing the awareness and knowledge of nurses, improving provision of optimum geriatric care, and inspiring nurses to pursue geriatric nursing with a yearning to serve the elderly with and from the heart.