Detecting Faking Good and Faking Bad With the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory—3 in a College Student Sample

Claims that the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory‐3 (SASSI‐3; F.G. Miller & L.E. Lazowski, 1999) defeats defensiveness have not been independently verified. This study investigates the SASSI‐3's ability to discriminate faking (faking good, problem denial; faking good, claiming extreme virtue; faking bad) from standard answering. Although the results suggest that the Defensiveness scale detects faking, the Subtle Attributes scale was manipulated. These results call into question the SASSI‐3's utility in detecting substance dependence among college students.     

Skill-dependent proximal-to-distal sequence in team-handball throwing

The importance of proximal-to-distal sequencing in human performance throwing has been reported previously. However, a comprehensive comparison of the proximal-to-distal sequence in team-handball throwing in athletes with different training experience and competition is lacking. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the ball velocity and proximal-to-distal sequence in the team-handball standing throw with run-up of players of different skill (less experienced, experienced, and elite). Twenty-four male team-handball players (n = 8 for each group) performed five standing throws with run-up with maximal ball velocity and accuracy. Kinematics and ball trajectories were recorded with a Vicon motion capture system and joint movements were calculated. A specific proximal-to-distal sequence, where elbow flexion occurred before shoulder internal rotation, was found in all three groups. These results are in line with previous studies in team-handball. Furthermore, the results of the present study suggest that in the team-handball standing throw with run-up, increased playing experience is associated with an increase in ball velocity as well as a delayed start to trunk flexion.     

Inter- and transdisciplinary university: A systems approach to education and innovation

In response to various pressures for change arising from the present situation, the university will have to adopt a new purpose which may be recognized as a means of increasing the capability of society for continuous self-renewal. With this new purpose in mind, the structure of the university will be determined by the concept of an integral education/innovation system for which four principal levels are considered: empirical, pragmatic, normative and purposive levels. From multi-, pluri-, and crossdisciplinary approaches, all pertaining to one systems level only, the university is expected to develop increasingly interdisciplinary approaches, linking two systems levels and coordinating the activities at the lower level from the higher level through common axiomatics. Ultimately, the entire education/innovation system may become coordinated as a multilevel multigoal hierarchical system through a transdisciplinary approach, implying generalized axiomatics and mutual enhancement of disciplinary epistemology. Current university approaches to develop interdisciplinary links between the pragmatic and normative systems levels are discussed. Finally, a transdisciplinary structure for the university is briefly outlined; its main elements are three types of organizational units-systems design laboratories, function-oriented departments, and discipline-oriented departments-which focus on the interdisciplinary coordination between the three pairs of levels in the education/innovation system, i.e., on method and organization rather than on accumulated knowledge. An important role for policy sciences is seen in the linkage between the top pair of systems levels.

---

Résumé Pour répondre aux sollicitations de son environnement actuel, l'Université devra se donner de nouveaux objectifs en partant du principe qu'il lui faut procurer à la société les moyens d'un renouvellement continu. On peut déduire la structure de l'Université, qui est ainsi exigée, de l'idée d'une liaison intime entre éducation et innovation: aux quatre niveaux à considérer, niveau empirique, niveau pragmatique, niveau des normes et niveau des stratégies. On attend de l'Université que, dépassant les activités multi- ou pluridisciplinaires qui ne se situent qu'à un niveau du système, elle réussisse à élaborer une méthodologie interdisciplinaire lui permettant de relier les différents niveaux et de coordonner d'un bout à l'autre du système les activités conformément à une logique unifiée. En somme, le système d'éducation et d'innovation considéré dans son ensemble pourrait tendre vers le modèle d'un système intégrant hiérarchiquement des niveaux et des objectifs multiples, grâce à une méthodologie transdisciplinaire impliquant le développement d'une logique généralisée et des échanges réciproques entre l'épistémologie des différentes disciplines. L'article soumet à la discussion les méthodes dont usent aujourd'hui les universités pour établir des liens d'interdisciplinarité entre le niveau pragmatique et le niveau des normes. En conclusion, est présentée une brève esquisse de ce que pourrait être la structure transdisciplinaire de l'Université: trois types d'unités s'y trouvent distingués dans l'organisation, les laboratoires d'élaboration des projets, les départements tournés vers la satisfaction d'une fonction et les départements tournés vers le travail dans une discipline; l'accent y est mis sur la coordination interdisciplinaire dans les trois mises en relation unissant deux à deux chacun des quatre niveaux du système d'éducation et d'innovation, autrement dit, sur la méthode et l'organisation, plus que sur l'accumulation de la connaissance. On fait voir le rôle important qui est réservé aux sciences de la décision dans la mise en relation des deux niveaux supérieurs du système.

---

---

While developing some of the concepts reported in this paper, Dr. Jantsch held a visiting appointment as Research Associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This article is reprinted fromPolicy Sciences (American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc.) 1 (1970) 403–428.     

“When you're down,stay down”: A lesson for all competitive alpine skiers supported by an ACL rupture measured in vivo

BackgroundDuring an experiment, a ski racer equipped with various measurement devices suffered an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture in his right knee. The aim of this study was to describe the underlying injury mechanism from a functional perspective.MethodsEight giant slalom turns (i.e., 4 left turns), followed by 1 left turn at which the ACL injury occurred, were recorded by 2 video cameras, electromyography of 4 relevant muscle groups, inertial measurement units to measure knee and hip angles, and pressure insoles to determine ground reaction forces.ResultsDue to a loss of balance, the ski racer began to slide sideways at the apex of a left turn. During sliding, his right (outside) leg was actively abducted upward without touching the ground. The ski racer then attempted to stand up again by dropping his leg back towards the snow surface. The end of this dropping was accompanied by a decrease in electromyographic activity in the knee stabilizing muscles. Once the inside edge of the outer ski caught the snow surface, a rapidly increasing peak force, knee flexion, and an aggressive sudden activation of the vastus medialis muscle were observed, while biceps femoris and rectus femoris further decreased their activation levels. This likely resulted in excessive anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur, causing damage to the ACL.ConclusionOur example emphasizes that ski racers should not get up until they stop sliding. Remember: “When you''re down, stay down.”     

Electron coincidence spectroscopy: a new way of looking into matter

In electron coincidence spectroscopy, kinematically complete measurements are made of symmetric ionising collisions initiated by an electron beam on a gaseous atomic or molecular target. The reaction measures the shapes of individual orbitals, and provides a sensitive measurement of the charge density far from the atomic nuclei. The technique promises to be of outstanding importance in developing an improved understanding of molecular structures.