Using context variety and students' discussions in recognizing statistical situations

We present a proposal for helping students to cope with statistical word problems related to the classification of different cases of confidence intervals. The proposal promotes an environment where students can explicitly discuss the reasons underlying their classification of cases.     

用当代人才观指导体育课保健康复专业课程改革

通过对体育保健康复专业人才市场的调查以及对其课程体系的研究,提出以“厚基础、宽口径、前期趋同、后期分化”的原则指导课程设置。从优化课程结构、融合、重组专业基础课,增设“小分支专业”方向课,增加专业选修课程和能力培养专业课,丰富深入其内容等课程改革措施,以培养“有知识、有能力、会学习、会应用”的全面发展的体育保健康复专业创新人才。     

图书馆数字信息资源建设热与冷的思考

二十世纪九十年代以来,全球范围内掀起建设“数字图书馆”的热潮,我国各级各类图书馆的数字信息资源建设如火如荼,呈现出一派“繁荣”景象。然而“繁荣”背后却隐藏着许多值得我们深思的问题。通过分析图书馆数字化建设过程中出现的过“热”现象,提出新时期图书馆开展数字信息资源建设的建议和对策。     

情报学硕士学位论文评价指标体系研究

论文探讨了建立情报学硕士学位论文评价指标体系的思路、原则和方法,然后介绍了利用该评价指标体系对中国科技信息研究所等3单位近5年硕士学位论文进行的深入评价过程,对评价结果进行了分析比较。分析表明,中国科技信息研究所近5年硕士学位论文质量在逐步提高。评价结果显示,该评价指标体系是情报学硕士学位论文评价的有效工具。     

�����鿯�����������ڵ����⼰�Բ�

分析国际书刊交换中存在的问题与不足,就如何加强该项工作提出建议,包括建立"中国国际书刊交换中心".     

Acute intraocular pressure responses to high-intensity interval-training protocols in men and women

We aimed (1) to test the acute impact of two high-intensity interval-training (HIIT) protocols differing in the level of effort on intraocular pressure (IOP) responses, and (2) to elucidate whether the IOP responses differ between men and women. Twenty-four physically active collegiate (12 men and 12 women) performed three protocols: low-fatigue HIIT (eight 30-m sprints with 60-s of rest), high-fatigue HIIT (eight 30-m sprints with 30-s of rest), and control (walking). IOP was taken at baseline, after sprints and recovery by rebound tonometry. Our data revealed an acute IOP reduction during both HIIT protocols compared to the control condition (effect size [ES]:0.81–1.65). The differences between both HIIT protocols were generally negligible (ES<0.30), however, the reduction of IOP was moderately higher for the low-fatigue HIIT protocol after the 7th (ES: 0.67) and 8th (ES: 0.74) sprints. Women showed a more prominent lowering effect on IOP during the control condition (ES: 0.42–1.02), and during the two first sprints of both HIIT protocols (ES: 0.54–1.03). These findings highlight that a time-efficient HIIT protocol may acutely reduce IOP levels, while low-fatigue HIIT protocol could be recommended since it induced a higher reduction on IOP than the high-fatigue HIIT protocol.     

Analysis of foot strike pattern,rearfoot dynamic and foot rotation over childhood. A cross-sectional study

The purpose of this study was to determine the foot strike patterns (FSP), rearfoot position at initial contact (RPic, i.e., No INV/EVE) and foot rotation in children in relation to age. A total of 932 children aged 3 to 16 years participated in this study. A sagittal and frontal-plane video was recorded using a high-speed camcorder to analyse these variables. There is a significant increase (p < 0.001) of rearfoot strike patterns (RFS) prevalence in relation to age; e.g. preschool children (3–6 years old) displayed an RFS prevalence 46.65% and the adolescent population(15–16 years old) an RFS prevalence 92.20%. The total RFS prevalence in all samples was 69.25%. There was a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of prevalence of RPic in relation to age groups; preschool children displayed a prevalence of RPic 60.37% and the adolescent population 10%. There was a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of prevalence of no foot rotation in relation to age groups; preschool children displayed a prevalence of no foot rotation 48.95% and the adolescent population 13.55%. In conclusion, FSP in children are influenced by age. It is noteworthy that the RFS prevalence of children is lower in comparison to the adult population.     

Biomechanical analyses of synchronised swimming standard and contra-standard sculling

Synchronised swimming involves a variety of sculling movements essential for body support and propulsion but its study is scarce. We aimed to biomechanically compare standard and contra-standard sculling techniques, and to observe the relationship between measures. Six synchronised swimmers performed two, 30 s maximal intensity, fully tethered standard and contra-standard sculling motions. Kinetic and kinematic data were obtained using a load-cell and underwater cameras, respectively. Force decreased along both techniques’ bouts, but no differences in-between techniques were noted for any kinetic variables. Standard sculling presented a higher cycle rate and a lower elbow mean angle than the contra-standard sculling (2.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.0 ± 0.2 cycles/s and 134.1 ± 5.8 and 141.5 ± 4.7°, p < 0.05). In the standard sculling, by removing and maintaining the variation between participants (r _w and r, respectively), the absolute mean force was directly related with cycle rate (r _w  = 0.60) and wrist angular velocity during flexion (r = 0.82), while in the contra-standard condition the force was inversely associated with wrist mean angle (r = ?0.95) and directly with hand speed (r _w  = 0.76), and elbow angular velocity (r _w  ≈ 0.60). Therefore, technique learning and training require different attention by coaches and swimmers.