The changing nature of autonomy: Transformations of the late Swedish teaching profession

This article discusses teacher autonomy in the case of the Swedish teaching profession since the 1980s. It is argued that deregulation, decentralization, and marketization reforms of the 1990s have indeed increased teacher autonomy, but in some respects also led to a increase of complexity in the Swedish school system. In order to handle this complexity, the state intensified a standardization of schooling, which restricts teacher autonomy today. Relevant the paper's understanding is that teacher autonomy is always about control, exerted internally by the profession itself and facilitated externally by state standards. The article argues that the restriction of teacher autonomy in recent times is also related to a simplified understanding of the phenomenon in the reforms of the 1990s.     

The interest of Bavarian primary school pupils in geographical topics and methods – selected results of an empirical survey

Interest is a central learning prerequisite for teaching. The article deals with a survey among 1600 primary school pupils in forms 2, 3 and 4 (ages 7–10) in the German federal state of Bavaria who were interviewed on their interest in geographical topics and working methods. They were given a questionnaire including 40 items to indicate their individual interest on a five-point Likert scale. The results show that the subscale ‘natural disaster' generates the highest interest, followed by ‘phenomena of geoscience' and ‘people and peoples'. The interest in all three subscales decreases with increasing age. Furthermore, several gender-specific differences occur. Among the working methods, experimenting, films and computers hold the first three places whilst again showing significant differences concerning age group as well as gender.     

新型含硫萃淋树脂吸附贵金属的研究：石油亚砜萃淋树脂吸附富集金

测定了石油亚砜萃淋树脂的吸附性能，其饱和吸附容量Ｑ＝９０ｍｇＡｕ／ｇ树脂，金的吸附反应速率常数Ｋ＝１．０２×１０￣（－３）ｓ￣（－１），热焓△Ｈ＝－６．７０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，自由能变化△Ｇ￣（２９８）＝－２０．５９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，熵变△Ｓ＝４６．６Ｊ／ｍｏｌ·Ｋ．树脂吸附金的反应符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温吸附式．探讨了树胎吸附金的反应机理．用酸性硫脲或亚硫酸钠溶液均能定量洗脱吸附在树脂上的Ａｕ（Ⅲ），树脂可再生使用．     

Determining factors in the success of R&D cooperative agreements between firms and research organizations

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of a series of contextual and organizational factors on the success of 800 cooperative agreements between Spanish firms and research organizations, run between 1995 and 2000. Findings show that the most outstanding factors are, in the case of firms, commitment, previous links, definition of objectives and conflict, whereas for research organizations previous links, communication, commitment, trust and the partners’ reputation are more relevant. These study not only provides a comprehensive theoretical model to analyze the success of these agreements but is useful both for improving management of cooperation and for fostering collaboration both at a national an international level.     

合成生命之探索——人造噬藻体

人造生命是多种学科交叉、高新技术集成的系统工程,随着科学技术的发展,特别是基因组全人工合成技术的形成,这个梦想的实现开始变得可能。噬藻体是原核藻类（蓝细菌）的病原,结构相对简单,人工合成噬藻体、阐明其感染并杀灭蓝细菌的分子机制,有望实现对水华蓝藻的噬藻体控制,并可为人工合成更复杂的生命形式奠定理论基础和技术基础。     

Managing the Progressive Publishing Company During Market and Technology Transitions

As new media technologies and platforms emerge and take hold in our society, traditional publishers are wondering: What’s in this new content climate for me? The simple answer is: a lot. The digital world, mobile content delivery mechanisms and the public’s increasing comfort—even preference for—a media menu from which they can pick and choose what they want and how they want to receive it, brings exciting and potentially lucrative opportunities. For publishers who understand how to leverage their brand and create authentic, identifiable value in the eyes of the customer, risk can be reduced and new revenue streams built. Here are four best practices to position your publishing company for growth.     

高校BBS活跃用户信息行为分析

高校BBS中的活跃用户发帖量大,而且都积极回复他人的帖子。根据所发主题帖数和获得回帖数的不同,可将活跃用户分为领袖型、实力型、热情型和回应型4类。活跃用户的点入度和点出度呈显著正相关关系,活跃用户的回帖数和获回复数显著正相关,活跃用户所发主题帖数与他们回复的主题帖数也显著正相关。     

Muscle dysmorphia, gender role stress, and sociocultural influences: an exploratory study

Our study explored the contribution of gender role stress (GRS) and sociocultural appearance demands to symptoms of muscle dysmorphia (MD) in a college sample of 219 women and 154 men. For women, five GRS subscales, sociocultural appearance demands, age, and frequency of aerobic exercise predicted MD symptoms (model R2 = .33; F(8,210) = 12.81, p < . 001); for men, only one GRS subscale, age, and sociocultural appearance demands predicted MD symptoms (model R2 = .40; F(3,150) = 9.52, p < .001). Post hoc analyses revealed that a small number of items explained a substantial portion of the variation, suggesting that MD may be more related to specific perceptions of pressure to attain an attractive body than to global gender role stress.