核心价值观:内隐的学校可持续发展路径--学校规划的假设、视角与行动

一个学校的核心价值观是一所学校走向卓越的关键。经过实践与分析,杭州市天长小学的核心价值观在学校发展规划的目标、内容、形式和评价方面贯穿始终,成为学校可持续发展的根本动力。因此,管理者在学校规划上,需要提前调研实践,在规划的内容上考核能否有效实施;思考和研究教师、学生以及学校之间的相互关系并实施;最终评价规划取得的成效等一系列设计来探索学校的可持续发展路径。     

物理教师的新型教鞭

工欲利其艺,必先利其器。一个物理教师除了对教学艺术精益求精之外,还需对教学用具进行一些改进,以求创造最佳的教学条件,进行最优化的教学。 然而,最佳的教学条件必须因地制宜,因时制宜。在多数学校多媒体辅助教学条件尚未完善之前,因陋就简,创制一些简单易行的教学用具,也能大大地提高教学效率。根据物理教学的特点,利用一段电线,创制一根物理教师的新型教鞭,在教学中可收到常人所意想不到的良好效果。 简单的制作方法如下:找一段长约一米的电线(常用红色胶皮,铜丝,横截面积为2.5mm2的单芯电线制作,或双胶线剖开选其中的一段),双折,然后拧成麻花状,在双折处做成菱形孔,教鞭即制作完毕。完工的教鞭形状如图1所示。它的作用与奇特效果如下所述:     

改进齿轮双啮合测量技术的探讨

针对齿轮双面测量仪很难准确测出轮径向综合误差一齿径向综合误差，就双啮仪的改进及单片机程序流程图的设计进行了探讨．     

Coding of hedonic and nonhedonic samples by pigeons in many-to-one delayed matching

In two experiments, pigeons were trained on many-to-one delayed matching in which samples of food and one hue were each associated with one shape comparison, and samples of no food and a different hue were each associated with a second shape comparison. When later tested with delays between sample and comparison stimuli, pigeons showed nonparallel delay functions, typically found with food and no-food samples (i.e., steeply declining food-sample delay functions, and relatively flat no-food-sample delay functions). Furthermore, the slopes of the hue-sample delay functions were similar to those on the food/no-food-sample trials. In Experiment 2, following many-toone delayed matching, when the hue samples were associated with new comparisons and then food and no-food samples replaced the hues, evidence was found for transfer of training indicative of the common coding of samples associated with the same comparison in original training. The transfer results suggest that the asymmetrical hue-sample functions resulted from the common coding of samples associated with the same comparison.     

Improving Social Relationships in Child Care through a Researcher-Program Partnership

We describe the process of relationship-based intervention and associated changes in children and teachers' relationships and behaviors within center-based child care and examine the circumstances under which changes were most likely to occur. The relationship-based intervention had three components: research partners in each participating classroom, focus groups, and feedback sessions. Twenty-eight teachers and seventy children from 10 programs participated in the research. Approximately half of the children and one-third of the teachers were Latino, and almost half of the teachers and one-third of the children African-American. We used five distinct procedures: (1) participant observation; (2) naturalistic observations using a time sampling procedure; (3) global ratings; (4) clinical interviews and (5) case studies. There were significant main effects for change over time in children's attachment security, complexity of play with peers, and their experiences of teacher responsive involvement. Teachers with BA degrees were more engaged in the intervention than teachers with less formal education. When we held BA degrees constant, children who had teachers engaged in the intervention experienced the greatest changes in classroom climate, teacher responsivity, and in their relationships with the teacher.     

Physical and chemical characteristics of PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> and its toxicity to human bronchial cells BEAS-2B in the winter and summer

With the increasing occurrence of haze during the summer, the physicochemical characteristics and toxicity differences in PM_2.5 in different seasons are of great concern. Hangzhou is located in an area that has a subtropical monsoon climate where the humidity is very high during both the summer and winter. However, there are limited studies on the seasonal differences in PM_2.5 in these weather conditions. In this test, PM_2.5 samples were collected in the winter and summer, the morphology and chemical composition of PM_2.5 were analyzed, the toxicity of PM_2.5 to human bronchial cells BEAS-2B was compared, and the correlation between PM_2.5 toxicity and the chemical composition was discussed. The results showed that during both the winter and summer, the main compounds in the PM_2.5 samples were water-soluble ions, particularly SO₄^2?, NO₃^?, and NH₄⁺, followed by organic components, while heavy metals were present at lower levels. The higher the mass concentration of PM_2.5, the greater its impact on cell viability and ROS levels. However, when the mass concentration of PM_2.5 was similar, the water extraction from the summer samples showed a greater impact on BEAS-2B than that from the winter samples. The cytotoxicity of PM_2.5 was closely associated with heavy metals and organic pollutants but less related to water-soluble ions.     

Development of a formative peer observation protocol for STEM faculty reflection

Abstract

Faculty peer observation has seen increasing uptake in recent years, in some cases as an alternative or supplement to student teaching evaluations. While many universities encourage faculty peer observation, it is not widely used in a formal way for formative assessment. This article outlines the development of a new faculty peer observation protocol designed for formative assessment of evidence-based educational practices. The goal of the protocol is to foster reflective teaching practices. The peer observation protocol has been designed to mitigate common faculty fears of classroom observation, with detailed assessment methods for specific topic areas. Preliminary testing of the protocol at one university indicated positive faculty outcomes with regard to personal reflection: all the faculty who tested the protocol reported that the observation process had been helpful for them to reflect on their teaching.     

Children's achievement moderates the effects of mothers' use of control and autonomy support

Two studies investigated the effects of parents' control and autonomy support on low- and high-achieving children. In Study 1, mothers' (N=110) involvement with children (7 to 10 years old) in the context of a challenging task was observed. During this interaction, mothers' control predicted diminished engagement and their autonomy support predicted enhanced performance for low-achieving children more than for high-achieving children. In Study 2, mothers' (N=121) responses to children's (9 to 12 years old) failure were assessed with a daily checklist. Children's grades were obtained at this time and 6 months later. Mothers' controlling responses predicted decreased performance and their autonomy-supportive responses predicted increased performance over time for low achievers more than for high achievers.     

适应课程改革发展趋势提高教师教学实践能力

教育改革是今天社会发展带来的客观需要,而课程改革是教育改革的核心问题和关键环节.课程改革教与学的成功与失败,教师的素质成为决定性因素,文章对提高教师教学素质进行了探讨.     

文化纪念与情感形式--秦汉与古罗马城市纪念雕塑的公共性艺术比较

公元一世纪前后,位于欧亚大陆文明地带东西两端的中国秦汉、古罗马在纪念性雕塑上都取得了较高的成就,但就其纪念性雕塑的城市公共性而言,两者存在巨大的差异.在古罗马,城市纪念雕塑主要被置于整个城市的大环境中,和其他公共场所发生有机的联系,而在中国秦汉时代,缺乏像古罗马纪念雕塑的公共性特征,而是形成以陵墓雕塑为中心的纪念雕塑,依附于各种墓葬建筑而置于墓前或埋于地下,这与这一时期的罗马和秦汉的城市功能、宗教文化、社会阶层结构有极其密切的关系.根植于不同文化背景下的秦汉、古罗马的雕塑艺术在欧亚大陆两端交辉相映,为后来的东西方雕塑艺术发展奠定了基础和走向,展现了东西方文化各自的艺术魅力.