Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.     

Electro-mechanically controlled assembly of reconfigurable 3D mesostructures and electronic devices based on dielectric elastomer platforms

The manufacture of 3D mesostructures is receiving rapidly increasing attention, because of the fundamental significance and practical applications across wide-ranging areas. The recently developed approach of buckling-guided assembly allows deterministic formation of complex 3D mesostructures in a broad set of functional materials, with feature sizes spanning nanoscale to centimeter-scale. Previous studies mostly exploited mechanically controlled assembly platforms using elastomer substrates, which limits the capabilities to achieve on-demand local assembly, and to reshape assembled mesostructures into distinct 3D configurations. This work introduces a set of design concepts and assembly strategies to utilize dielectric elastomer actuators as powerful platforms for the electro-mechanically controlled 3D assembly. Capabilities of sequential, local loading with desired strain distributions allow access to precisely tailored 3D mesostructures that can be reshaped into distinct geometries, as demonstrated by experimental and theoretical studies of ∼30 examples. A reconfigurable inductive–capacitive radio-frequency circuit consisting of morphable 3D capacitors serves as an application example.     

全球农产品贸易的虚拟耕地资源流动演变及影响因素

为定量探讨农产品贸易的耕地资源效应,本文在核算1986—2016年全球农产品贸易隐含耕地资源量的基础上,揭示了全球虚拟耕地资源流动演变特征;采用贸易引力模型,分析了影响全球虚拟耕地流动演变的因素。结果表明：①1986—2016年全球农产品贸易导致的虚拟耕地资源流动量增长1.74倍,虚拟耕地输出国（地区）主要集中在耕地资源充裕国家（地区）,且输出量迅速增加,虚拟耕地输入国（地区）则主要为人均耕地资源较低或经济发展迅速的国家（地区）。②从社会经济、资源禀赋及区域关联选取相应指标对虚拟耕地流动演变的影响因素分析表明,人口规模、人均收入、贸易协定对虚拟耕地流动具有显著促进作用,其中,人均收入增长对经济发展程度不同的国家（地区）影响具有显著差异;输入国（地区）土地和水资源禀赋对其虚拟耕地流动具有显著的负效应,贸易国（地区）之间的地理距离对虚拟耕地流动具有显著的负效应。中国自2004年开始成为全球最大的虚拟耕地净输入国,作为耕地资源绝对稀缺国家,随着中国人均收入的提高、人均农业资源短缺的加剧,虚拟耕地资源输入量将持续增加,应采取相应措施,保障虚拟耕地的可持续供给。     

太极拳桩功对改善骨盆前倾的作用

在现代信息化生活中,网络已全面侵入我们的日常生活,儿童少年乃至老年人都在使用手机、电脑。由于长期不良的久坐姿势会造成人体形态的改变。其中在青年人中骨盆前倾尤为常见。本文主要运用文献法、问卷调查法从造成骨盆前倾的原因及对人体的危害上进行阐述,引起人们重视,继而提出卷腹运动、太极拳桩功对骨盆前倾的改善方法。     

Recent Advances in Constructing Interfacial Active Catalysts Based on Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Catalytic Mechanisms

The interaction between the metal and the support of supported metal catalysts, which are widely used in industry, is the primary focus of the study of such cat...     

新工科背景下机器人知识体系与课程内容研究

该研究分别从历史发展、知识构成与社会效应的不同视角,概述了机器人技术与理论的发展脉络,采用文献分析方法考察当前不同院校的机器人专业培养方案与机器人课程教材知识体系和内容构成,在新工科建设持续深入推进的背景下,提出新的机器人应用领域基本特征,探讨机器人课程新的内涵和知识边界,最后为不同类型的高校提出了相应的机器人课程知识...     

後現代主義藝術的没落——在金融海嘯中的思考

時代板蕩,風雲際會,文藝上即立時呈現蕙蘋雜處、良莠并生的狀態.明末清初有黄宗羲、王夫之、顧亭林等堅守大道之鴻儒,亦有恣肆無度之狂禪應運而生,南宋瀆萎,既有朱熹、陳亮諸大理學家風雲中立定精神,亦有鼓吹心性、招摇於市的輕薄兒跳騰雜沓於市,這就是歷史不斷重復的無情現實.