Relationship between foot strike pattern,running speed,and footwear condition in recreational distance runners

Compared to competitive runners, recreational runners appear to be more prone to injuries, which have been associated with foot strike patterns. Surprisingly, only few studies had examined the foot strike patterns outside laboratories. Therefore, this study compared the foot strike patterns in recreational runners at outdoor tracks with previously reported data. We also investigated the relationship between foot strike pattern, speed, and footwear in this cohort. Among 434 recreational runners analysed, 89.6% of them landed with rearfoot strike (RFS). Only 6.9 and 3.5% landed with midfoot and forefoot, respectively. A significant shift towards non-RFS was observed in our cohort, when compared with previously reported data. When speed increased by 1 m/s, the odds of having forefoot strike and midfoot strike relative to RFS increased by 2.3 times and 2.6 times, respectively. Runners were 9.2 times more likely to run with a forefoot strike in minimalists compared to regular running shoes, although 70% of runners in minimalists continued to use a RFS. These findings suggest that foot strike pattern may differ across running conditions and runners should consider these factors in order to mitigate potential injury.     

基于对应分析模型原理的户外运动安全风险研究

通过对我国2001年至2014年期间,258个户外运动安全事故案例的统计和分析,结合国内外相关研究,建立户外运动安全风险分析框架,将户外运动安全风险划分为4个维度,18个因素指标.根据对应分析模型原理,深入研究户外运动中季节、月份与时段风险的对应性关系,R(3.2.0)软件运行结果显示:户外运动中,凌晨和晚上的风险指数最高;春季、秋季的上午和下午时段,可能存在的伤亡风险几率较高;5月、9月、10月的上午和晚上,3月、6月、11月、12月的下午,1月和4月的凌晨时段,可能存在的伤亡风险几率更高.使用Minitab软件,根据累积贡献率80％以上为主要因素的帕累托原则得到8个主要风险因素和7个次要风险因素.     

Statistical modelling of knee valgus during a continuous jump test

Landing with the knee in a valgus position is recognized as a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Using linear and non-linear regression analyses, the purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between two-dimensional (2D) knee valgus and three-dimensional (3D) knee kinematics measured during a jump landing task. Twenty-eight female collegiate athletes participated. All participants were required to perform a continuous jump test. The average maximum angles of abduction and internal tibial rotation during landing were measured using the Point Cluster Technique. Average peak knee valgus angle was measured using a 2D approach. Linear and non-linear regression analyses between 2D valgus and 3D knee abduction, and between 2D valgus and 3D internal tibial rotation, were performed. The R2 value between 2D valgus and 3D knee abduction was significantly different from zero and had a moderate correlation for all models, whereas the R2 value between 2D valgus and 3D internal tibial rotation was not significantly different from zero. The 2D approach could be used to screen a specific group of individuals for risk of ACL injury; however, using frontal plane 2D analysis of valgus motion to evaluate internal tibial rotation is not advised.     

Stability analysis of nonlinear control systems with characteristics equations having complex coefficients

In this paper, the stability equation method is applied to the analysis of nonlinear systems with characteristics equations having complex coefficients. Three types of systems are studied: those with unstable open-loop poles, unstable characteristics roots or an equal number of open-loop poles and zeros.     

Televised violence and viewers’ perceptions of social reality: The Korean case

This study attempts to describe some possible elaborations of the cultivation hypothesis and present relevant evidence from a Korean student sample. Using the postulates and methodology of the cultivation analysis approach to mass communication, this investigation employs a two‐pronged research strategy: message system analysis and cultivation analysis. Message system analysis consisted of one‐week sample of Korean television programs from the three television networks in June 1991. For cultivation analysis, a questionnaire was administered to 1,200 Korean students attending eight junior and senior high schools from five different states in July, 1991. Within the clear limitations of measures, the results suggested that viewers differentially perceive the social reality of different content types. The findings seem to indicate that the degree of cultivation effects is not uniform across different kinds of television programming.     

Social and Emotional Functioning of Children with Learning Disabilities: Does Special Education Placement Make a Difference?

Children with learning disabilities in four types of special education settings were compared in terms of social acceptance, number of friends, quality of relationship with best friends, self‐concept, loneliness, depression, social skills, and problem behaviors. Two of the placements (In‐Class Support and Resource Room) were for children with mild to moderate learning disabilities and involved between 30 and 90 minutes of special education per school day. The other two placements (Inclusion Class and Self‐Contained Special Education Class) were designated for children with severe learning disabilities and involved at least a half‐day of special education. Children in the more inclusive placements had more positive social and emotional functioning. Children receiving In‐Class Support were more accepted by peers, had higher self‐perceptions of mathematics competence, and fewer problem behaviors than children receiving Resource Room Support. Children in Inclusion Classes had more satisfying relationships with their best school friends, were less lonely, and had fewer problem behaviors than children in Self‐Contained Special Education Classes.     

Multivariate prediction of academic performance by Hong Kong University students

Verbal intelligence, English-language skills, personality, and attitude scales were used as predictors of academic performance in 230 male and female arts students at the University of Hong Kong. A series of bivariate, multiple, and canonical correlation analyses were performed. The results showed that verbal intelligence and attitudes, excepting study orientation, were not predictive of performance. English-language skills had the most predictive value, accounting for about 10% of the variance of performance measures. Personality variables failed to predict performance when composite criterion measures (GPAs) were used; however, they proved to be of predictive value when results of individual academic subjects were used as criterion measures. The study points to the importance of using noncomposite criterion measures in prediction and of considering the cultural context of achievement.     

化工院校情报工作者的一次聚会

<正> 全国化工院校情报中心站第四届年会于1988年10月17日-21日在武汉化工学院召开。中心站21个成员单位的代表出席了会议。化工部情报所的有关同志参加了会议。湖北省及武汉市图书馆情报界的知名人士、武汉化工学院领导等均到会致词祝贺。年会的主要议程有:一、就高校情报工作的服务方向、情报有偿服务、情报教学等方面的改革进行了广泛的交流和探讨。华东化工学院和青岛化工学院的代表介绍了图书馆实行定编定岗、优化组合、工资包干和情报实行定额承包、面向企业的改革尝试,引起了代表们的极大兴趣和热烈讨论。