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211.
Recent demographic trends and growth in the public sector of higher education have created severe strains for many private liberal arts colleges. The population ecology model, which explains the survival or demise of organizations in terms of their ability to negotiate for resources in their environment, provides a framework for assessing predictors of continued success among colleges. A three-way discriminant analysis based on the population ecology framework and other empirical research led to the successful classification of almost 72% of a sample of colleges in terms of their experiences during the 1970s. Number of departments, median state income, library holdings per enrollee, sectarian affiliation, annual tuition, Roman Catholic affiliation, and SAT composite score were found to be major predictors. 相似文献
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213.
This article establishes a broad framework from which to interpret and evaluate the reading–science learning–writing connection. The presentation of breakthroughs, barriers, and promises is intended to outline the established links between, to identify current bottlenecks in thinking about, and to highlight productive inquiries into, print-based languages and scientific understanding. The ideas presented come from various disciplines connected to science education. The ideas are meant to be informative, provocative, integrative, supportive, and without hidden agenda. 相似文献
214.
H. T. G. Van den Hurk A. A. M. Houtveen W. J. C. M. Van de Grift 《Reading and writing》2017,30(6):1231-1249
The relation is studied between teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge of reading and the quality of their subsequent classroom behaviour in teaching fluent reading. A confirmatory factor analysis model with two latent variables is tested and shows adequate goodness-of-fit indices. Contrary to our expectations, the results of structural equation modelling reveal a small but significant γ-value of .29, indicating that only 8% of the variance in teachers’ classroom behaviour in teaching fluent reading is accounted for by teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge of reading. Presumably teacher knowledge is not as stable and conclusive as one might think. More research is needed in determining the factors that work restricting for teachers in putting their knowledge into classroom practice. It is recommended that preservice and in-service teacher training should not be limited to transfer of knowledge, but should also assist teachers in designing and performing effective fluent reading instruction. 相似文献
215.
The effects of identical context on pattern recognition by pigeons for outline drawings of faces were investigated by training
pigeons to identify (Experiment 1) and categorize (Experiment 2) these stimuli according to the orientation of the mouth—an
upright U shape representing a smiling mouth or an inverted U shape representing a sad mouth. These target stimuli were presented
alone (Pair 1), with three dots in a triangular orientation to represent a nose and eyes (Pair 2), and with the face pattern
surrounded by an oval (Pair 3). In Experiment 1, the pigeons trained with Pair 1 were most accurate, those trained with Pair
2 were less so, and those trained with Pair 3 failed to acquire the discrimination within eighty 100-trial sessions. The same
ordering was found in Experiment 2 for pigeons trained on the three pairs simultaneously. The authors suggest that a contrasting
finding in humans, the face superiority effect, might be due to a gain in discriminability resulting from recognition of the
pattern as a face. An exemplar model of information processing that excludes linguistic coding accounts for the present results. 相似文献
216.
Kinetic knowledge is of great importance in achieving good control of the pyrolysis and gasification process and optimising
system design. An overall kinetic pyrolysis scheme is therefore addressed here. The kinetic modelling incorporates the following
basic steps: the degradation of the virgin biomass materials into primary products (tar, gas and semi-char), the decomposition
of primary tar into secondary products and the continuous interaction between primary gas and char. The last step is disregarded
completely by models in the literature. Analysis and comparison of predicted results from different kinetic schemes and experimental
data on our fixed bed pyrolyser yielded very positive evidence to support our kinetic scheme.
Project (No. 2001CB409600) Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (973) of China 相似文献
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220.
Forming, Losing, Renewing, and Replacing Friendships: Applying Temporal Parameters to the Assessment of Children's Friendship Experiences 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Friendship formation and dissolution were tracked over time in a summer camp to examine whether such events are valid indicators of individual differences in children's friendship adjustment. Subjects were 216 children ages 8–15 years. Sociometric nominations were used to determine the identities of reciprocal friends. Loneliness at camp was also tracked over time. In addition, data on group acceptance, behavioral reputations, social competence, and behavioral problems were gathered from peers and counselors. Analyses suggested that friendship formation and duration were coherent, independent dimensions of individual differences and distinct from the overall extensivity of involvement in friendships. Regression analyses indicated that the temporal parameters of participation in friendship enhanced the prediction of changes in loneliness at camp. Age and sex differences in temporal parameters were explored, and 4 discrete trajectories for friendship involvement were identified. Children with different trajectories differed in their behavioral profiles from one another and from children who were chronically friendless. 相似文献